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Bugs and drugs- Test 1 > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nuclear membrane or nucleoli
Simple Flagella
Cell Wall- chemically complex
No carbohydrates within plasma membrane
Small Ribosomes
Single circular chromosomes without histones
partakes in binary Fission, transfers DNA fragments only for sexual reproduction

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2
Q

Eukaryotes

A 
True nucleus with a membrane
membrane enclosed organelles
Complex flagella
cell wall (if present) simple
Carbohydrates and sterols present in plasma membrane
contains cytoskeleton
Larger Ribosomes
Mitosis and Meiosis
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3
Q

Prions

A

Infectious Proteins

no cell wall

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4
Q

Viruses

A

Genetic material wrapped in a membrane that needs a host to survive
no cell wall
can have spikes and/or capsid
RNA or DNA core

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5
Q

Shapes

A 
Cocci
Bacilli
Coccobacilli
pleiomorphic
spirochetes
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6
Q

Gram Positive

A 
after staining= purple
Thick cell wall
recognizable by the immune system
resistant to lysis but can be opsonized
Teichonic acid and Lipoteichoic acids located on cell wall
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7
Q

Gram Negative

A 
After staining= red
thin cell wall
outer and inner membranes
Lipopolysaccharide
has porins
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8
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

Lipid A- endotoxin activity
Oligosaccharide-
O antigen- highly variable across different species

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9
Q

Mycobacteria

A

similar to gram positive

cell wall made of fatty acids and waxes

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10
Q

Capsule

A

can be either gram positive or negative
inhibits complement pathway and phagocytosis
mechanism of resistance
examples: S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitides, K. pneumoniae, and H. influenza,

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11
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

need oxygen

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12
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Dont need oxygen

can’t reproduce in the presence of oxygen

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13
Q

Facultative

A

can live with or without oxygen

usually gram positive

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14
Q

Spores

A 
Gram positive rods only
inactive 
resistant to heat
contain dipicolinic acid
ex: clostridium and B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus
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15
Q

flagella

A

projections for motility

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16
Q

sex pili

A

projections for conjugation- exchange of genetic material

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17
Q

common pili

A

projections for attachment

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18
Q

Plasmids

A

small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell
usually small circular, double-stranded DNA

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19
Q

Spikes

A

Proteins projections that allow a virus to attach to and penetrate cells

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20
Q

Capsid

A

envelope that helps virus survive longer outside of a host

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21
Q

Replicative cycle of Virus

A
  1. Attachement to cell
  2. entry to cell (endocytosis)
  3. uncoating (dump material into cell)
    4a. replication of RNA/DNA
    4b. synthesis of proteins
  4. Assembly
  5. Release
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22
Q

+ RNA

A

Can directly make proteins

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23
Q
  • RNA
A

Has to make a template before proteins can be made

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24
Q

Bugs that can avoid phagocytosis

A 
Strep. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Nesseria meningitidis
klebsiella pneumoniae
salmonella typi
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25
Q

virulence of strep pneumoniae

A

invasion
evasion
toxin

26
Q

ability to maintain residence in host via pili

A

Ecoli
salmonella
neisseria
streptococcus pyogenes

27
Q

produce endotoxins

A

salmonella typhi
proteus
Neisseria meningitidis

28
Q

Can produce biofilms

A 
Staph epidermidis
staph aureus
strep mutans (dental plaque)
listeria
pseudomonas aeruginosa
candida
29
Q

Erysipelas, impetigo, lymphangitis, cellusitis

A

Staph aureus

strep pyogenes

30
Q

Folliculitis

A

Staph aureus

P. Aeruginosa

31
Q

Myonecrosis

A

Clostridum perfingens

32
Q

secondary skin infection

A

staph aureus
strep pygogenes
enterobact
anerobes

33
Q

bone and joint infections

A

staph
strep
pseudomonas aeruginosa

34
Q

Diabetic extremity insufficiency

A

Gram negative bugs

obligate anerobes

35
Q

Otitis, sinusitis

A

viral

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
m. catarrhalis

36
Q

pharyngitis

A

viral

strep pyogenes

37
Q

Laryngitis

A

viral (parainfluenzae, RSV)

38
Q

Epiglottitis

A

H. Influenzae

39
Q

bronchiolitis

A

RSV, Para infl

40
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
m. catarrhalis

41
Q

acute bronchitis

A

Mycoplasma

chlamydia

42
Q

Community acquired pneumonia

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
m. catarrhalis
m. pneumoniae
c. pneumoniae

43
Q

Hospital acquired pneumonia

A

enterobact.

p. aeruginosa

44
Q

aspiration acquired pneumonia

A

acinetobacter

stenotrophomonas

45
Q

meningitis

A

s. pneumoniae
MRSA
n. meningitidis
H. influenzae

46
Q

encephalitis

A

herpes

listeria

47
Q

brain abscess

A 
MRSA
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
enterobact
pseudomonas
b. fragilis
48
Q

shunt infection

A

MRSA
MRSE
S. pneumoniae

49
Q

bacterial infection of CNS

A

Turbid CSF
glucose lower than Plasma
proteins higher than plasma
lots of neutrophils

50
Q

Viral infection of CNS

A

Clear CSF
normal glucose
normal or high proteins
less WBC

51
Q

endocarditis

A

staph

strep

52
Q

signs and symptoms of bactermia/ endocarditis

A

fatigue
night sweats
nodules on skin
hemorrhages of skin

53
Q

Gastroenteritis and diarrhea

A 
Norovirus/ rotavirus
salmonella/shigella
campylobacter
ecoli
clostridia
54
Q

inflammation Gastroenteritis

A

ecoli
salmonella
shigella
campylobacter

55
Q

non-inflammation Gastroenteritis

A

virus
vibrio
ecoli

56
Q

Gi infections

A

gram negative bugs
anerobes (b. fagilis)
enterococci
strep

57
Q

UTI

A

ecoli
gram negative bacteria
enterococci
staph saprophylicus

58
Q

prostatitis, cervicitis urethritis

A

N. gonorrhoeae

chlamydia

59
Q

chronic prostatitis

A

enterobacteraciae
pseudomonas
enterococci

60
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

N. gonorrhoeae
chlamydia trachomatis
bacteroides

61
Q

superficial surgeries

A

Staph
strep
gram neg bacteria

62
Q

deep surgeries

A

Gram neg bacteria
anerobes
enterococci
strep

Bugs and drugs- Test 1 (7 decks)

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