Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bugs and drugs- Test 1 > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nuclear membrane or nucleoli
Simple Flagella
Cell Wall- chemically complex
No carbohydrates within plasma membrane
Small Ribosomes
Single circular chromosomes without histones
partakes in binary Fission, transfers DNA fragments only for sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eukaryotes

A 
True nucleus with a membrane
membrane enclosed organelles
Complex flagella
cell wall (if present) simple
Carbohydrates and sterols present in plasma membrane
contains cytoskeleton
Larger Ribosomes
Mitosis and Meiosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prions

A

Infectious Proteins

no cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Viruses

A

Genetic material wrapped in a membrane that needs a host to survive
no cell wall
can have spikes and/or capsid
RNA or DNA core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shapes

A 
Cocci
Bacilli
Coccobacilli
pleiomorphic
spirochetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gram Positive

A 
after staining= purple
Thick cell wall
recognizable by the immune system
resistant to lysis but can be opsonized
Teichonic acid and Lipoteichoic acids located on cell wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gram Negative

A 
After staining= red
thin cell wall
outer and inner membranes
Lipopolysaccharide
has porins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

Lipid A- endotoxin activity
Oligosaccharide-
O antigen- highly variable across different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mycobacteria

A

similar to gram positive

cell wall made of fatty acids and waxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Capsule

A

can be either gram positive or negative
inhibits complement pathway and phagocytosis
mechanism of resistance
examples: S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitides, K. pneumoniae, and H. influenza,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

need oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Dont need oxygen

can’t reproduce in the presence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Facultative

A

can live with or without oxygen

usually gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spores

A 
Gram positive rods only
inactive 
resistant to heat
contain dipicolinic acid
ex: clostridium and B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

flagella

A

projections for motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sex pili

A

projections for conjugation- exchange of genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

common pili

A

projections for attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Plasmids

A

small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell
usually small circular, double-stranded DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spikes

A

Proteins projections that allow a virus to attach to and penetrate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Capsid

A

envelope that helps virus survive longer outside of a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Replicative cycle of Virus

A
  1. Attachement to cell
  2. entry to cell (endocytosis)
  3. uncoating (dump material into cell)
    4a. replication of RNA/DNA
    4b. synthesis of proteins
  4. Assembly
  5. Release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

+ RNA

A

Can directly make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • RNA
A

Has to make a template before proteins can be made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bugs that can avoid phagocytosis

A 
Strep. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Nesseria meningitidis
klebsiella pneumoniae
salmonella typi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

virulence of strep pneumoniae

A

invasion
evasion
toxin

26
Q

ability to maintain residence in host via pili

A

Ecoli
salmonella
neisseria
streptococcus pyogenes

27
Q

produce endotoxins

A

salmonella typhi
proteus
Neisseria meningitidis

28
Q

Can produce biofilms

A 
Staph epidermidis
staph aureus
strep mutans (dental plaque)
listeria
pseudomonas aeruginosa
candida
29
Q

Erysipelas, impetigo, lymphangitis, cellusitis

A

Staph aureus

strep pyogenes

30
Q

Folliculitis

A

Staph aureus

P. Aeruginosa

31
Q

Myonecrosis

A

Clostridum perfingens

32
Q

secondary skin infection

A

staph aureus
strep pygogenes
enterobact
anerobes

33
Q

bone and joint infections

A

staph
strep
pseudomonas aeruginosa

34
Q

Diabetic extremity insufficiency

A

Gram negative bugs

obligate anerobes

35
Q

Otitis, sinusitis

A

viral

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
m. catarrhalis

36
Q

pharyngitis

A

viral

strep pyogenes

37
Q

Laryngitis

A

viral (parainfluenzae, RSV)

38
Q

Epiglottitis

A

H. Influenzae

39
Q

bronchiolitis

A

RSV, Para infl

40
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
m. catarrhalis

41
Q

acute bronchitis

A

Mycoplasma

chlamydia

42
Q

Community acquired pneumonia

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
m. catarrhalis
m. pneumoniae
c. pneumoniae

43
Q

Hospital acquired pneumonia

A

enterobact.

p. aeruginosa

44
Q

aspiration acquired pneumonia

A

acinetobacter

stenotrophomonas

45
Q

meningitis

A

s. pneumoniae
MRSA
n. meningitidis
H. influenzae

46
Q

encephalitis

A

herpes

listeria

47
Q

brain abscess

A 
MRSA
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
enterobact
pseudomonas
b. fragilis
48
Q

shunt infection

A

MRSA
MRSE
S. pneumoniae

49
Q

bacterial infection of CNS

A

Turbid CSF
glucose lower than Plasma
proteins higher than plasma
lots of neutrophils

50
Q

Viral infection of CNS

A

Clear CSF
normal glucose
normal or high proteins
less WBC

51
Q

endocarditis

A

staph

strep

52
Q

signs and symptoms of bactermia/ endocarditis

A

fatigue
night sweats
nodules on skin
hemorrhages of skin

53
Q

Gastroenteritis and diarrhea

A 
Norovirus/ rotavirus
salmonella/shigella
campylobacter
ecoli
clostridia
54
Q

inflammation Gastroenteritis

A

ecoli
salmonella
shigella
campylobacter

55
Q

non-inflammation Gastroenteritis

A

virus
vibrio
ecoli

56
Q

Gi infections

A

gram negative bugs
anerobes (b. fagilis)
enterococci
strep

57
Q

UTI

A

ecoli
gram negative bacteria
enterococci
staph saprophylicus

58
Q

prostatitis, cervicitis urethritis

A

N. gonorrhoeae

chlamydia

59
Q

chronic prostatitis

A

enterobacteraciae
pseudomonas
enterococci

60
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

N. gonorrhoeae
chlamydia trachomatis
bacteroides

61
Q

superficial surgeries

A

Staph
strep
gram neg bacteria

62
Q

deep surgeries

A

Gram neg bacteria
anerobes
enterococci
strep

Bugs and drugs- Test 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions