General Flashcards
what are the most common presenting signs in infectious endocarditis ?
highly variable –signs consistent with the various sequelae above including dyspnea, collapse, lameness, lethargy, cough, weakness, altered mentation, seizures.
what are the most common physical examination findings in patients with infectious endocarditis
Majority have pyrexia or history of waxing/waning febrile episodes.
what is the most common murmur in infectious endocarditis
Development of a new murmur – especially diastolic. BUT 26% of dogs with IE are reported to lack audible murmurs .
Causes for a continuous murmur
1) Left to right PDA
2) Aortic coarctation
3) Aortopulmonary window
4) MAPCA’s
5) Coronary fistula (large in size and needs to communicate in the right side otherwise it causes a diastolic murmur)
6) ruptures aortic aneurysm in the valsalva (needs to communicate in the right size otherwise it causes a diastolic murmur)
What murmurs do ruptured aortic aneurysms in the Valsalva cause
They will cause a diastolic murmur is the rupture communicates into the left side of the heart (as aortic pressures in diastole are higher than LV) or a continuous murmur if they rupture int the right side
What murmurs do coronary fistulas cause?
They will cause a diastolic murmur is the rupture communicates into the left side of the heart (as aortic pressures in diastole are higher than LV) or a continuous murmur if they rupture in the right side