general

Question 1

Half life

Answer 1

[ 0.7 x VD ], divided by clearance
time to change concentration of drug in body by one half

Question 2

Volume of distribution

Answer 2

amount of dug in body / conc drug in plasma

Question 3

Drugs with high vD

Answer 3

chloroquine, fluoxetine, digoxin, verpamil

Question 4

Drugs with low vD

Answer 4

anticoags, amoxicillin, diazepam

Question 5

Clearance

Answer 5

volume of blood cleared of drug per unit time
rate of elimination/concentration of drug

Question 6

Elimination rate

Answer 6

amount of drug cleared from circulation per unit time

Question 7

First to zero order kinetics examples

Answer 7

ETOH, aspirin, phenytoin

Question 8

Zero order kinetics examples

Answer 8

omeprazole, fluoxetine, cisplatin, theophyline

Question 9

Examples drugs flow dependant elimination

Answer 9

linocaine, propanolol

Question 10

Extraction ratio

Answer 10

the fraction of drug that is removed from the blood or plasma as it crosses the eliminating organ
clearance/ hepatic blood flow

Question 11

Drugs high extraction ratio

Answer 11

morphine, propranolol, verapamil, TCA, lidocaine

Question 12

Drugs low extraction ratio

Answer 12

phenytoin, diazepam, warfarin

Question 13

Loading dose

Answer 13

(VD x target concentration)/ bioavailability

Question 14

Highly protein bound drugs

Answer 14

diuretics, phenytoin, valproate, NSAIDs, warfarin, diazepam

Question 15

EC50

Answer 15

Half maximal effective concentration is a measure of the concentration of a drug, which induces a biological response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time

Question 16

Therapeutic index

Answer 16

ratio of the dose that exerts toxicity in 50% of the population (TD50) to the dose that exerts a therapeutic or effective response (ED50) in 50% of the population (TI=TD50 / ED50)

Question 17

Efficacy of a drug

Answer 17

maximal effect a drug will have irrespective of potency/ concentration

Question 18

Potency

Answer 18

amount of drug needed to produce 50% of maximal effect

Question 19

Affinity

Answer 19

how tightly a drug binds to receptors

Question 20

mg 1% of 100ml solution

Answer 20

1000mg

Question 21

Therapeutic window

Answer 21

Minimum toxic dose-Minimum effective dose. => Range over which we assume drug can be safely used

Question 22

Kd

Answer 22

Conc for 50% saturation receptors
Inversely proportional to affinity
Dissociation constant

Question 23

LD50

Answer 23

Dose that would kill 50% test animals

Question 24

Hormones using cyclic GMP as second messenger

Answer 24

ANP
NO