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Part 1 Pharmacology > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment APO in sulfur allergy

A

Ethacrynic acid

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2
Q

half lives beta blockers

A

Esmolol: 10m
Metoprolol: 3-4hrs
Propanolol: 3.5-6hrs
Labetalol: 5hrs
Atenolol: 6-9hrs
Bisoprolol: 10-12
Sotalol: 12h
Nadolol: 15h

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3
Q

heart failure meds

A

ACEi
Then thiazide
Then beta blocker
dig if AF

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4
Q

Antihypertensive with low risk reflex tachycardia

A

GTN

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5
Q

Metabolic derangement in diuretics

A

acetazolamide + spiro - hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis
loop + thiazide - hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

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6
Q

Electrolyte causing digoxin induced arrhythmia

A

hypercalcaemia
Hypernatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Hypomagnasaemia

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7
Q

ACEi mechanism

A

decreased ATII
Inhibit breakdown bardykinin

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8
Q

LMWH monitoring

A

Anti factor Xa levels

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9
Q

Exogenous epo se

A

Htn, thrombosis, red cell aplasia

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10
Q

Oral onset time calcium channel blockers

A

Nifedipine- 5-20m.
Verapimil- is 30m.
Diltiazem- >30m.
Felodipine- 2-5hrs

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11
Q

Cause GTN tolerance

A

Decrease in sulfhydryl groups

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12
Q

Arterial dilation only

A

diazoxide
hydralazine
don’t cause postural hypotension as symp in tact

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13
Q

Bioavailability propanolol

A

30% dose dependant

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14
Q

Labetolol mechanism

A

competitive selective alpha 1 antagonist and a competitive non selective beta 1 (B1) and 2 (B2) antagonist

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15
Q

Drugs no effect AV nodal refractory period

A

Dofetilide
Ibutilide
Lignocaine
Mexiletine

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16
Q

Digoxin metabolism

A

less than 20% metabolised
T1/2 40h
25%pb

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17
Q

Dihydropyridines vs non

A

dihydro - pine drugs, smooth muscle - postural hypotension
non - verapamil, diltiezem, SA and AV nodes

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18
Q

Nimodipine and nifedipine bioavailability

A

Nimodipine 0.13
Nifedipine 0.5

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19
Q

Calcium channel blocker excreted in stool

A

diltiezem

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20
Q

Side effects quinidine

A

cinchonism, antimuscarinic, QTc, hepatitis

21
Q

SE procainamide

A

QTc, antimusc, drug induced lupus, agranulocytosis

22
Q

SE disopyramide

A

same as other 1a but v antimuscarinic

23
Q

Contraindication amiodarone

A

porphyria

24
Q

Cardiac drug causing constipation

A

calcium channel blockers

25
Q

Captopril PK

A

not prodrug
A: rapid F0.95
D: vD 0.8 T1/2 2
E: 50% unchanged

26
Q

Na nitroprusside PK

A

A: IV
M: T1/2 short, in RBC and plasma to cyanide, then in liver to thiocyanate

27
Q

Diuretics causing hyperuricaemia

A

loop and thiazide and amiloride

28
Q

Diuretics causing hypercalcaemia

A

thiazide

29
Q

ACEi shortest and longest T1/2

A

short - captopril
long - ramipril

30
Q

ACEi excreted unchanged in urine

A

lisinopril

31
Q

Drugs causing lupus like syndrome

A

procainamide, hydralazine

32
Q

Contra indication to acetazolamide

A

hepatic failure - risk hyperammonaemia

33
Q

Verapamil bioavailability

A

25-35%

34
Q

Atenolol bioavailability

A

50%

35
Q

Diazoxide se

A

Inhibits insulin release

36
Q

Fleicanide pK

A

F0.9
T1/2 13h
Renal metabolism and elimination

37
Q

Methyldopa dose

A

250-500mg bd / tds
Max 3g/ day

38
Q

Warfarin PK

A

A 100 bioavailability
D 99% plasma bound t1/2 36h
M hepatic
E nil unchanged

39
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Streptokinase - protein, combines plasminogen
Urokinase - made in kidney
TPA - activates plasminogen bound to fibrin

40
Q

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

A

1 - mild due to plt aggregation
2 - severe 5-14d post due to antibodies

41
Q

Adenosine MOA

A

Binds GPCR
inc cAMP
Activation inward k channel
Supression calcium dependant action potential

42
Q

ADP plt inhibitors

A

NON REVERSIBLE prodrugs
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticlodipine
ALLOSTERIC reversible not prodrug
Ticagrelor

43
Q

Furosemide pk

A

F0.6-0.7
Onset 30-60m vs 5m
Duration 6-8h vs 2h
90-100%pb
Minimal hepatic metabolism

44
Q

Aspirin pk

A

F0.68
Vd 0.1-0.2 (inc with acidosis) (11/70kg)
Pb 49%
1 -> 0 order kinetics

45
Q

Aspirin pk

A

F0.68
Vd 0.1-0.2 (inc with acidosis) (11/70kg)
Pb 49%
1 -> 0 order kinetics

46
Q

Amlodipine half life

A

30-50hours

47
Q

Heparin induced electrolyte abnormality

A

Hyperkalaemia
Due to inhibition aldosterone

48
Q

GPIIBIIIA inhibitor

A

Tirofiban
Abciximab

Part 1 Pharmacology (13 decks)

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