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Part 1 Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone
T1/2 8-9h
Hepatically excreted - good in renal failure

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2
Q

1st gen cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cefalexin
gram +ve only, similar cover to fluclox

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3
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime, cefaclor
+ve and -ve

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4
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A

Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone
+ve, -ve, cross BBB
Ceftazidime - also pseudomonas (although limited +ve)

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5
Q

4th gen cephalosporins

A

cefipime
+ve, -ve, pseudomonas
most resistance to betalactamases

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6
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

Beta lactamase
Efflux pumps
Modification binding site
Penetration impaired

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7
Q

Macrolide resistance

A

Permeability dec
Efflux inc
Esterase production
Ribosomal binding altered

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8
Q

Gentamicin resistance

A

Transferase inactivates drug
Cell entry impaired
Ribosomal receptor altered

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9
Q

Treatment plasmodium ovale or vivax

A

chloroquine (live, not in tissue) + primaquine (kills dormant liver)

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10
Q

Side effects quinidine

A

prolonged QT, cinconism, black water fever, inc serum warfarin and digoxin, haemolysis in G6PD

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11
Q

ethambutol side effects

A

optic neuritis, retinal damage

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12
Q

Side effects pyrazinimide

A

hepatotoxicity, hyperuricaemia

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13
Q

aminoglycosides side effects

A

neuromuscular blockade and resp paralysis reversed by calcium gluconate

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14
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy due to B6 depletion

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15
Q

Live vaccines

A

MMR
Rotavirus

Chickenpox
Zoster

Bacillus calmette
Oral typhoid
Yellow fever

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16
Q

Pentamidine

A

pneumocystosis prophylaxis (antiprotozoal)
can cause diabetes

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17
Q

Antiprotozoal side effects

A

headache, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, rash

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18
Q

Mechanism antihelminthics

A

inhibit tubulin polymerisation interfering microtubule formation

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19
Q

Meningococcal prophylaxis

A

rifampicin

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20
Q

GBS prophylaxis

A

ampicillin

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21
Q

Pneumocytis pneumonia prophylaxis

A

cotrimoxazole

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22
Q

mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis

A

azithromycin

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23
Q

Rifaximin

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor
bacteriocidal gram +ve and negative
Tx travellers diarrhoea, hepatic encephalopathy

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24
Q

Fluoroquinolones mechanism and example

A

DNA gyrase inhibitor
ciprofloxacin

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25
Q

Fluoroquinolone SEs

A

rash, nv, deranged LFTs, cartilage (don’t give <18), enzyme inhibitor, inc QTc

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26
Q

PenG excretion

A

10% filtration 90% tubular secretion

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27
Q

Carbapenem MOA

A

beta lactamase, inhibits cell wall synthesis
e.g. meropenem

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28
Q

Carbapenem that doesn’t cover pseudomonas

A

ertapenem (n.b. none cover MRSA)

29
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotic MOA and example

A

inhibits cell wall synth by inhibiting cross linking cell wall
vancomycin

30
Q

side effects vancomycin

A

red man syndrome if given fast
nephrotoxicity

31
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA and example

A

30s can be bacteriocidal
genatmicin
concentration dependant killing + post antibiotic effect

32
Q

Tetracycline SE

A

GI, hepatotoxicity, less well absorbed with food,bone + teeth

33
Q

Macrolide example and adverse effects

A

erythromycin
GI, inc QTc, acute hepatitis, enzyme inhibitor

34
Q

Trimethoprim mechanism

A

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
folate antagonist blocks purine production and nucleic acid synth

35
Q

Trimethoprim PK

A

A: F1
D: Wide high vD, lipid solube
T1/2 8h with sulfonamide, 11 alone
E: renal 70% unchanged

36
Q

Trimethoprim SEs

A

rash, fever, bone marrow supression, hyprekalaemia,
sulfonamides SJS

37
Q

Metronidazole mechanism

A

disrupts electron transport chain in DNA

38
Q

SE metronidazole

A

metallic taste, neuropathy, seizures, thrombophlebitis

39
Q

Isoniazid mechanism

A

inhibits cell wall mycolic acid synthesis

40
Q

Rifampicin mechanism

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor, bacteriocidal

41
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

rash, nephritis, thrombocytopenia, cholestasis, orange body fluids

42
Q

Pyrazinimide mechanism

A

disrupts cell membrane, bacteriostatic

43
Q

Ethambutol SEs

A

retrobulbar neuritis

44
Q

Amphotericin B mechanism

A

forms pores in fungal membranes
half life 2 weeks

45
Q

SEs amphotericin B

A

infusion reaction, renal impairment, fever, headache, confusion

46
Q

Azoles

A

block fungal p450 and interact with cell wall synthesis
increase QTc, deranged LFTs

47
Q

Aciclovir MOA

A

guanasine analogue
binds to viral DNA polymerase inhibiting synthesis

48
Q

Zidovudine

A

AZT
NRTI
T1/2 1-3h, P0.6, wide vD, 35%PB
SE myelosuppression and macrocytic anaemia

49
Q

Itraconazole excretion

A

> 50% faeces

50
Q

Penicillins resistant to betlactamases

A

methicillin, nafcillin

51
Q

cmv tx

A

ganciclovir

52
Q

rifampicin excretion

A

faecal

53
Q

Penicillins not requiring dose adjustment in renal failure

A

dicloxacillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin (renal and biliary excretion)

54
Q

Hepatically excreted 3rd gen cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone, cefoperazone

55
Q

Antibiotics resistant to staphylococcal beta lactamases

A

cloxacillin
naficillin
methicillin (not used as renal toxic)

56
Q

Anti pseudomonal cephalosporins

A

Ceftazidime (3rd gen), Cefoperazone (3rd gen) and Cefepime (4th gen)

57
Q

Erythromycin increases ORAL bioavailability of…

A

digoxin

58
Q

What does gent not have action against

A

anaerobes

59
Q

Anti MRSA

A

vanc
clinda
linezolid

60
Q

Anaerobes acting antibiotics

A

meropenem
clindamycin
metronidazole

Plus pen G just not beta lactamase ones

61
Q

Drugs with no gram -ve cover

A

flucloxacillin
1st gen cephalosporin
vanc
clinda
linezolid
metronidazole

62
Q

Bioavailability erythromycin

A

0.35

63
Q

PK amphoteracin B

A

Poor F
PB 90%
2-3% crosses BBB
T1/2 15d

64
Q

Medication for hydatid disease

A

Albendazole

65
Q
A
66
Q

Doxycycline pk

A

A f1, inhibited by aluminium and antacids
40-80pb
Not in csf
Excreted in stool

67
Q

Anti pseudomonal agents

A

CMAC
Cephalosporins (x3)
Meropenem
Aminoglycosides
Ciprofloxacin

68
Q

Gentamicin protein binding

A

10%
T1/2 2-3h

69
Q

Abx with ESBL coverage

A

MEGA C
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Gentamicin (50%)
Amikacin
Ciprofloxacin

Part 1 Pharmacology (13 decks)

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