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Dermatology > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Which acronym can be used for skin history?

A

SOCRATES!

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2
Q

What method can you employ for systematic approach to rashes?

A 
Colour
Size
Morphology
Pattern
Distribution
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3
Q

Name examples of terminology for morphology

A

Elevation- macule or patch

Elevated- pustule, wheal, vesicle, bullae, nodule, papule , plaque

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4
Q

Provide examples of secondary lesions/skin changes

A

excoriation, scale, crust, scar, ulcer, fissure

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5
Q

What are the four main types of rashes?

A
  1. Maculopapular
  2. Erythematous
  3. Petechial/purpuric
  4. Vesiculo-bulous
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6
Q

How can the pattern of a rash be desrcibed?

A 
demarcated/indistinct
linear
target/bulls-eye
annular/ring shaped
discoid/disc-shaped
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7
Q

How can distribution be described?

A

generalised/localised
central/peripheral
flexural/extensor
site-specific e.g. pressure area, photosensitive site

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8
Q

After taking a history and observing the rash, how would you complete the examination?

A

palpate
associated signs- temp, oedema, crepitus
systems examination (as appropriate) scalp/hair, nails, mucosal membranes, joints, eyes

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9
Q

Which drug is associated with red man syndrome?

A

vancomycin- widespread urticarial erythematous rash

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10
Q

What is adult onset stills disease?

A

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a form of Still’s disease, a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized by the classic triad of fevers, joint pain, and a distinctive salmon-colored bumpy rash.

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11
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

redness all over, >80%

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12
Q

Name four differentials for erythroderma

A

psoriasis, aczema, pityriasis rubra pilaris, cutaneous adverse drug reaction

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13
Q

Name 5 investigations you would conduct in a patient with erythroderma

A

routine bloods (FBC), bacterial skin swab, body temp, CRP, blood pressure, fluid balance

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14
Q

Which drugs may worsen psoriasis?

A

antimalarials, B blockers, lithium

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15
Q

Which scoring system is used for psoriasis to determine psychological effects?

A

DLQI

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16
Q

Name 5 sites that you should pay close attention to when examining for psoriasis

A

extensors, nails, scalp, joints, genital regions, post-auricular regions

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17
Q

Name four nail changes that can arise in psoriasis

A

pitting, oncholysis, subungal hyperkeratosis, leukonoychia, oil drop

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18
Q

Name three patterns of psoriasis

A 
guttate
flexural ?? (not extensor??)
pustular
erythrodermic
palmoplantar
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19
Q

Name three arthropathies associated with psoriasis

A

asymmetric mono/oligoarthritis

spondylitis/sacroilitis, RF seronegative arthritis

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20
Q

Discuss the management of psoriasis

A

Topical treatments: emollients, topical steroids, vit D analogues, cool tar

Weight loss

Reduce alcohol

Phototherapy

Biologics

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21
Q

Name four dermal manifestations of SJS/TEN

A

diffuse erythema, macule, targetoid lesions, skin detachment, erosions and flaccid blisters

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22
Q

What is the Nikolsky sign?

A

blisters and erosions appearing when the skin is rubbed gently/top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when rubbed

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23
Q

Name four drugs/classes associated with SJS/TEN

A

NSAIDs, abx, anti-epileptic, allopurinol

24
Q

Investigations for suspected SJS/TEN?

A

FBC (anaemia, leukopaenia, neutropaenia can arise), U+Es (effect of fluid loss), LFTs (transaminitis and hepatitis), blood cultures, bacterial skin swab, viral skin swab, skin biopsy

25
Q

Which severity scoring system is used in SJS/TEN?

A

SCORTEN

26
Q

Name the components of the SCORTEN score

A 
age >40
cancer
heart rate >120
>10% epidermal detachment 
high urea
high glucose
low bicarb
27
Q

Describe the management in SJS/TEN

A 
ID + stop culprit drug
fluid balance
temp control 
glycaemia control 
skin care
mouth and eye care
analgesia
28
Q

Prophylaxis for which event should be commenced in SJS/TEN?

A

VTE

29
Q

Which blood tests must be monitored during isotretinoin treatment?

A

LFTs- can cause transaminitis

30
Q

For which indication is patch testing available for dermatology referral?

A

contact dermatitis, delayed hypersensitivity, type 4

31
Q

Which topical treatments are available in dermatology?

A

emollients- water based (better to apply to weepy/watery wounds), ointments (oil based)

32
Q

What chemical is used in cryotherapy?

A

liquid nitrogen

33
Q

What are the indications for cryotherapy?

A

precancerous skin conditions and early stage skin cancer, retinoblastoma, skin conditions like warts skin tags and dark spots

Other cancers: cervical, liver, prostate

34
Q

What are the complications of cryotherapy?

A

bleeding, bone fractures, nerve damage, swelling, scarring, skin infections

35
Q

Name a very potent steroid. What are side effects of this?

A

betnovate- skin atrophy, striae, increased risk of infection

36
Q

List three subtypes of acne

A

comedonal, papulopustular, nodulocystic

37
Q

Which mechanisms of acne do treatment target?

A

bacterial growth, plugging, and sebum production

38
Q

List three common side effects of isotretinoin

A

dry lips, nose bleeds, myalgia

39
Q

List two serious effects of isotretinoin

A

liver function damage, teratogenicity

40
Q

What is the treatment for rosacea?

A

avoid sun exposure
topical azelaic acid
oral doxy

41
Q

What is the severity scoring tool in atopic dermatitis?

A

SCORAD- eczema

42
Q

Which is the severity scoring tool for psoriasis?

A

PASI- psoriasis area and severity index

43
Q

Which is the severity scoring tool for general dermatology life quality?

A

DLQI

44
Q

List three common drugs that result in acute drug rashes

A

antibiotics e.g. penicillin and trimethoprim, NSAIDs, antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, cardiac drugs e.g. BB, ACE, anticoag

45
Q

Name five types of common skin drug reactions

A
  1. Maculopapular (change in colour and raised) 2. Urticaria (hives e.g.nettle rash) 3. Morbilliform (measles erruption) 4. Papulosquamous (raised areas with dry flakiness) 5. Photo-toxic (UV light+drug)
46
Q

What are the triggers of vasculitis?

A

infection, drugs, autoimmune connective tissue disease e.g. RA

47
Q

The bull’s eye rash is a typical skin manifestation of which disease?

A

lyme’s disease

48
Q

Two triggers for acne rosacea?

A

Sunlight
Food
Drugs
Pregnancy

49
Q

One treatment for athlete’s foot?

A

topical metronidazole

50
Q

One treatment for acne rosacea?

A

topical metronidazole

51
Q

Name a complication of acne rosacea that affects the nose?

A

rhinopyma (knobbly nose)

52
Q

Acanthosis nigricans is most commonly associated with which diseasE?

A

gastric carcinoma

53
Q

Which organism causes molloscum contagiosum?

A

pox virus

54
Q

What is the gaiter area?

A

skin below knee and above ankle

55
Q

Lichen sclerosis can be a precursor to what?

A

SCC

Dermatology (11 decks)

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