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Molecular Biology > gene transfer > Flashcards

gene transfer Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

types of horizontal gene transfer

A

transformation, transduction, conjugation

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2
Q

what is transformation?

A

the uptake of naked DNA by competent cells

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3
Q

what is transduction?

A

the transfer of bacterial DNA by bacteriophage

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4
Q

what is conjugation?

A

transfer of DNA by direct physical contact

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5
Q

what occurs in natural transformation?

A

DNA from donor bacterium, random process, any portion of genome transferred

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6
Q

where does the naked DNA come from?

A

bacteria that lyse and release DNA

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7
Q

what is factor in competency of cell?

A

phase of growth

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8
Q

mechanism of transformation

A

competent cell binds DNA molecule, DNA cleaved into 5 - 15 kbps by endonuclease, one strand hydrolysed by exonuclease, other strand integrates by recombination

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9
Q

artificial transformation methods

A

heat shock with CaCl2 treatment or electroporation

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10
Q

differences in haemophillus transformation

A

only similar DNA uptake, no competence factor, specificity due to highly repeated sequence, ds DNA complexed with protein in vesicles,

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11
Q

who discovered conjugation?

A

Lederberg and Tatum

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12
Q

what does F factor stand for?

A

fertility factor

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13
Q

what is the F factor?

A

100kb long contains genes for pilus formation and gene transfer

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14
Q

what is Hfr

A

high frequency recombination

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15
Q

how does F’ occur?

A

imprecise excision of integrated f plasmid from chromosome

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16
Q

what is Hfr used for?

A

to map the relative location of bacterial genes

17
Q

what is the lytic cycle in transduction?

A

generalized - any random segment of DNA can be transferred

18
Q

what is the lysogenic cycle in transduction?

A

specialized - only genes adjacent to the integrated virus are transferred

19
Q

how does transduction work?

A

bacterial genes incorporated in phage capsid due to errors in virus life cycle, defective viruses are injected into another bacterium

20
Q

generalized transduction mechanism

A

capsid assembles around donor DNA, defective bacteriophage released, DNA containing bacteriophage adsorbs onto recipient bacteria, delivers DNA

Molecular Biology (8 decks)

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