Gene regulation in prok

Question 0

gene expression: transcription (& translation) of genes into ___________

Answer 0

products

Question 1

the mechanisms by which transcription and translation are inhibited

Answer 1

gene expression

Question 2

not regulated, constant levels of expression, typically continuously required for survival, and small proportion of genes

Answer 2

constitutive genes

Question 3

transcriptional regulation deal with what two things?

Answer 3

repressors and activators

Question 4

repressor=

activator=

Answer 4

negative control

positive control

Question 5

bind to DNA to inhibit or increase translation

Answer 5

repressors and activators

Question 6

proteins that interact with repressors and activators…

Answer 6

inducer

Question 7

binds to repressor or activator and increases transcription

Answer 7

inducer

Question 8

proteins that interact with repressors and activators..

Answer 8

corepressor and inhibitor

Question 9

binds to repressor and inhibits transcription _________

binds to activator and inhibits transcription _______

Answer 9

corepressor

inhibitor

Question 10

enzymes required to metabolize sugars

Answer 10

metabolism

Question 11

response to environmental stress

Answer 11

osmotic shock or heat shock

Question 12

common processes regulated at genetic level.

Answer 12

metabolism
response to environmental stress
cell division

Question 13

several genes controlled by same promotor

Answer 13

operon

Question 14

RNA contains sequences for several genes

Answer 14

polycistronic RNA

Question 15

lactose metabolism: lac operon

Answer 15

operon and polycistronic RNA

Question 16

element (DNA seq) recognized by …

Answer 16

CAP catabolite activator protein

Question 17

element recognized by repressor protein

Answer 17

operator site

Question 18

lacl gene encodes the ____ repressor

Answer 18

lac

Question 19

_______ must bind to multiple sites on repressor

Answer 19

allolactose

Question 20

allolactose is converted from lactose by ____-________

Answer 20

b-galactosidase

Question 21

sites are termed allosteric sites

Answer 21

• site other than the proteins active site

- 2 or more

Question 22

glucose inhibits lac operon transcription by affecting cyclic AMP (cAMP) inducer

Answer 22

catabolite repressor

Question 23

ATP converted to cAMP by ___________ _______

-inhibited in presence of glucose

Answer 23

adenyly cyclase

Question 24

cAMP + catabolic activator protein __________ transcription

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

process of regulation of lac operon by activator

Answer 25

- catabolite repression - atp converted to cAMP by ac - cAMP + catabolic activator protein increases transcription

Question 26

there are ___ operator sites in lac operon

Answer 26

3

Question 27

repressor binds to _______

Answer 27

operator

Question 28

new lac repressor model (_____) | -repressor binds to operator

Answer 28

1996

Question 29

catabolize arabinose to D-xylulose-5-phosphate

Answer 29

ara operon

Question 30

araC regulatory protein both repressor and activator | - no ___________, araC is _____________

Answer 30

-no arabinose, araC is repressor

Question 31

araC regulatory protein both repressor and activator | - +arabinose, araC is _____________

Answer 31

activator

Question 32

trp operon regulation

Answer 32

- encodes enzymes for synthesis of tryptophan | - no tryptophan, repressor doesn't bind

Question 33

tryptophan is a ____________ (binds to repressor) | tryptophan-repressors complex binds to ___________

Answer 33

corepressor | operator

Question 34

termination of transcription before gene

Answer 34

attenuation

Question 35

attenuation of trp operon - this conformation of trp causes transcription to _______ at attenuator. - region 3 bonds to ___

Answer 35

stop | 4

Question 36

trp operon attenuated model 1:

Answer 36

translation-transcription decoupled | -region 3 bonds to 4, stops transcription.

Question 37

trp operon not attenuated model 2:

Answer 37

transcription/translation coupled+low tryptophan levels

Question 38

trp operon attenuated model 3:

Answer 38

transcription/translation coupled+high tryptophan levels

Question 39

inducible vs repressible genes: lac and ara operons are ____________ -transcription up-regulated by ________

Answer 39

inducible | sugars

Question 40

inducible vs repressible genes: trp operon is ___________ -transcription down-regulated by ___________

Answer 40

repressible | tryptophan

Question 41

inducible vs repressible genes: | what is the pattern?

Answer 41

breaking down vs synthesizing molecules

Question 42

post transcription translational regulatory proteins -typically repressors (inhibit translation)

Answer 42

translational regulation

Question 43

antisense RNA can stop translation! - low osmolatiry= _________ produced - high osmolarity= ________ produced

Answer 43

- ompF protein | - micF RNA

Question 44

feedback inhibition - gene product inhibits its own sysnthesis - occurs with ________ _____, __________, and ________

Answer 44

post translational regulation | amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides

Question 45

Secondary structure of RNA modified by binding of small molecules - one conformation stops (___________,__________,________) - or affects stability _______% of all bacterial genes regulated by this.

Answer 45

regulation by Riboswitches (2001) -transcription, translation, splicing 3-5%

Question 46

vitamin B1, aka thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), produced by enzymes encoded in thi operon

Answer 46

regulation of the thi operon by Riboswitch

Question 47

in E. coli some enzymes involved with TPP synthesis are encoded in ________ operon

Answer 47

thiMD