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Genetics exam #3 > Gene regulation in prok > Flashcards

Gene regulation in prok Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

gene expression: transcription (& translation) of genes into ___________

A

products

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1
Q

the mechanisms by which transcription and translation are inhibited

A

gene expression

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2
Q

not regulated, constant levels of expression, typically continuously required for survival, and small proportion of genes

A

constitutive genes

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3
Q

transcriptional regulation deal with what two things?

A

repressors and activators

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4
Q

repressor=

activator=

A

negative control

positive control

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5
Q

bind to DNA to inhibit or increase translation

A

repressors and activators

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6
Q

proteins that interact with repressors and activators…

A

inducer

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7
Q

binds to repressor or activator and increases transcription

A

inducer

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8
Q

proteins that interact with repressors and activators..

A

corepressor and inhibitor

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9
Q

binds to repressor and inhibits transcription _________

binds to activator and inhibits transcription _______

A

corepressor

inhibitor

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10
Q

enzymes required to metabolize sugars

A

metabolism

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11
Q

response to environmental stress

A

osmotic shock or heat shock

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12
Q

common processes regulated at genetic level.

A

metabolism
response to environmental stress
cell division

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13
Q

several genes controlled by same promotor

A

operon

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14
Q

RNA contains sequences for several genes

A

polycistronic RNA

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15
Q

lactose metabolism: lac operon

A

operon and polycistronic RNA

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16
Q

element (DNA seq) recognized by …

A

CAP catabolite activator protein

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17
Q

element recognized by repressor protein

A

operator site

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18
Q

lacl gene encodes the ____ repressor

A

lac

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19
Q

_______ must bind to multiple sites on repressor

A

allolactose

20
Q

allolactose is converted from lactose by ____-________

A

b-galactosidase

21
Q

sites are termed allosteric sites

A
  • site other than the proteins active site

- 2 or more

22
Q

glucose inhibits lac operon transcription by affecting cyclic AMP (cAMP) inducer

A

catabolite repressor

23
Q

ATP converted to cAMP by ___________ _______

-inhibited in presence of glucose

A

adenyly cyclase

24
Q

cAMP + catabolic activator protein __________ transcription

A

increases

25
Q

process of regulation of lac operon by activator

A
  • catabolite repression
  • atp converted to cAMP by ac
  • cAMP + catabolic activator protein increases transcription
26
Q

there are ___ operator sites in lac operon

A

3

27
Q

repressor binds to _______

A

operator

28
Q

new lac repressor model (_____)

-repressor binds to operator

A

1996

29
Q

catabolize arabinose to D-xylulose-5-phosphate

A

ara operon

30
Q

araC regulatory protein both repressor and activator

- no ___________, araC is _____________

A

-no arabinose, araC is repressor

31
Q

araC regulatory protein both repressor and activator

- +arabinose, araC is _____________

A

activator

32
Q

trp operon regulation

A
  • encodes enzymes for synthesis of tryptophan

- no tryptophan, repressor doesn’t bind

33
Q

tryptophan is a ____________ (binds to repressor)

tryptophan-repressors complex binds to ___________

A

corepressor

operator

34
Q

termination of transcription before gene

A

attenuation

35
Q

attenuation of trp operon

  • this conformation of trp causes transcription to _______ at attenuator.
  • region 3 bonds to ___
A

stop

4

36
Q

trp operon attenuated model 1:

A

translation-transcription decoupled

-region 3 bonds to 4, stops transcription.

37
Q

trp operon not attenuated model 2:

A

transcription/translation coupled+low tryptophan levels

38
Q

trp operon attenuated model 3:

A

transcription/translation coupled+high tryptophan levels

39
Q

inducible vs repressible genes:
lac and ara operons are ____________
-transcription up-regulated by ________

A

inducible

sugars

40
Q

inducible vs repressible genes:
trp operon is ___________
-transcription down-regulated by ___________

A

repressible

tryptophan

41
Q

inducible vs repressible genes:

what is the pattern?

A

breaking down vs synthesizing molecules

42
Q

post transcription
translational regulatory proteins
-typically repressors (inhibit translation)

A

translational regulation

43
Q

antisense RNA can stop translation!

  • low osmolatiry= _________ produced
  • high osmolarity= ________ produced
A
  • ompF protein

- micF RNA

44
Q

feedback inhibition

  • gene product inhibits its own sysnthesis
  • occurs with ________ _____, __________, and ________
A

post translational regulation

amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides

45
Q

Secondary structure of RNA modified by binding of small molecules

  • one conformation stops (___________,__________,________)
  • or affects stability

_______% of all bacterial genes regulated by this.

A

regulation by Riboswitches (2001)
-transcription, translation, splicing
3-5%

46
Q

vitamin B1, aka thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), produced by enzymes encoded in thi operon

A

regulation of the thi operon by Riboswitch

47
Q

in E. coli some enzymes involved with TPP synthesis are encoded in ________ operon

A

thiMD

Genetics exam #3 (8 decks)

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