Gene mutation

Question 1

Addition

Answer 1

-Base is added into the base sequence
-Results in a frameshift
-So the whole sequence of bases after the mutation is altered

Question 2

Deletion

Answer 2

-Base is removed from the base sequence
-Results in a frameshift
-So the whole sequence after the mutation is altered

Question 3

Substitution

Answer 3

-Base or baes are substituted
-Maybe a silent mutation
-Or a missense mutation, resulting in a different amino acid being coded for

Question 4

Inversion

Answer 4

-Segment of DNA flips around
-Resulting in one or more amino acids being changed in the sequenced

Question 5

Duplication

Answer 5

-One or more bases are repeated
-Resulting in a frameshift after the mutation

Question 6

Translocation

Answer 6

-Bases are separated from one chromosome and become inserted into another chromosome
-Have a significant effect on gene expression
-Leading to reduced fertility and the development of cancers

Question 7

Causes of mutations

Answer 7

-X rays
-UV light
-Tobacco smoke