gene expression and regulation Flashcards
when does gene regulation
at all steps in eukaryotic gene expression: replication, transcription, translation, chromosomal packing, protein degradation,
how does chromatin remodeling affect gene regulation
it alters dna packing so the position of nucleosomes shifts or slides
where does epigenetic change occur
in DNA packing not the actual DNA sequence
what does RNA processing regulate
gene expression in eukaryotes
transcriptional control
transcription can be regulated is in the recruitment of the general transcription factors and components of the RNA polymerase complex
RNA processing control
RNA splicing + RNA editing
mRNA transport and localization control
Once the mRNA is in the cytoplasm, there are multiple opportunities for gene regulation at the levels of mRNA stability, translation, and protein activity
mRNA degradation control
idk if it degrades then it cant be translated and then thats bad
translation control
Translational regulation controls the rate, timing, and location of protein synthesis.
protein degradation control
Protein structure and chemical modification modulate protein effects on phenotype.
protein activity control
Protein structure and chemical modification modulate protein effects on phenotype.
control in cromatin
the way dna is packaged into chromatin dictates if the protein can gain physical access to the dna
chromatin remodeling
the process in which chromatin loosens so that dna can be transcribed
epigenetic controls
not to the cell itself but the way it is packed
chromatin and in cytosine
cytosine
chemical modification of certain bases in the DNA, the most common of which is the addition of a methyl group to the base cytosine
imprinting
sex specific silencing of gene expression
x-inactivation
the inactivation of one X chromosome in each cell in females
