Gene Evolution

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

Influence of selection pressures on allele frequencies in a population.
1. Has to be variation within the original population. (Specify how)
2. A new selection agent is introduced.
3. Selection and reproduction of individuals with advantageous phenotype (finches with larger beaks are able to eat and reproduce more)
4. Change in population (finch population develops progressively larger beaks over many generations.)

Question 2

Artificial Selection

Answer 2

Process by which humans decide which individuals may breed and provide offspring.
Population
1. Has to be variation within the original population. (Specify how)
2. New selection agent is introduced (I.e. humans)
3. Selection and reproduction of individuals with desired trait.
4. Change in population. Individuals with desired trait become more prevalent.

Question 3

Fitness

Answer 3

Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce.

Question 4

Gene Flow

Answer 4

Changes in the gene pool of a population due to the migration of individuals

Question 5

Genetic Drift

Answer 5

Allele frequencies change randomly overtime due to chance events.

Question 6

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 6

When population size is drastically reduced due to a random chance event.

Question 7

Founder effect

Answer 7

When a small group of organisms in a population break away from the original population to start their own.

Question 8

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 8

Speciation caused by a population being geographically isolated, being impacted by different selection pressures and genetic drifts.
Formula:
1. Geographic isolation. No migration/mating/gene flow between 2 populations
2. Exposed to different environmental conditions.
3. Results in different adaptations being selected for/against in each population.
4. Given enough time, two populations change so much that they cannot interbreed.