gender - terminology Flashcards
1
Q
amelioration
A
- the meaning of a word or phrase becomes increasingly positive over time
2
Q
bitching
A
- the exchange of emotions by women, often expressing anger and complaints
3
Q
deficit model
A
- the belief that language used by women is inferior to the language used by men
4
Q
difference model
A
- the belief that men and women have innate differences in the style and function of their speech and writing
5
Q
diversity model
A
- the belief that gender is not the only thing influencing men and women’s language use, rather their language behaviours are affected by the groups they belong to
6
Q
dominance model
A
- the belief that the differences in language use by men and women can be explained by the hierarchal dominance of men within society
7
Q
euphemism
A
- words or phrases that are used to refer to things that others may find upsetting or embarrassing
8
Q
filler
A
- a seemingly meaningless word, phrase or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in the speech
9
Q
folk linguistics
A
- the opinions and beliefs that non linguists hold about language use
10
Q
gender neutral terms
A
- words or phrases that avoid bias towards a particular gender
11
Q
genderlect
A
- the particular dialect used by men and women depending on their gender
12
Q
hedge
A
- a word or phrase that makes a sentence less forceful or assertive
13
Q
hegemonic masculinity
A
- language and behaviour associated with an idealised male group that is seen to have the most power and status within society
14
Q
heteronormativity
A
- the belief that heterosexuality is the norm or default sexual orientation
15
Q
house talk
A
- the discussion of the female role as an occupation
16
Q
hypercorrection
A
- a pronoun citation, word form or grammatical construction produced by mistaken analogy with standard usage in a desire to be correct
17
Q
interruption
A
- speaking at the same time as another speaker with the intention of taking the turn from them
18
Q
marked terms
A
- the unusual form of a term, often shown by an additional suffix
- e.g. ladette -> the unmarked term would be the regular form e.g. lad
19
Q
minimal response
A
- short sounds or words that are used to maintain a conversation
- shows the listener is listening
20
Q
peroration
A
- the meaning of a word or phrase becomes increasingly negative over time
21
Q
pejorative term
A
- a judgemental term that usually implies disapproval or criticism
22
Q
performativity
A
- using speech and other communication methods to construct or perform an identity
23
Q
rapport talk
A
- attempting to build relationships through speech
- typically associated with female speech
24
Q
reclamation
A
- the cultural process of removing negative associations with a particular word or phrase that have been used against a less powerful social group by a more powerful one
25
Q
representation
A
- the portrayal of events, people and circumstances through language (and image and sound) to create a way of seeing the world
26
Q
social constructivism
A
- places importance on social interaction as constructing identity and people coming together to create a shared construction of the world
27
Q
socialisation process
A
- learning to be a participating member of society
28
Q
stereotype
A
- a fixed generalised set of characteristics that are widely believed to represent a particular type of person or thing
29
Q
tag question
A
- a short question added at the end of a sentence, often inviting agreement with the speaker
- sometimes seen to be used as seeking reassurance
30
Q
uptalk
A
- rising intonation used at the end of declarative statements
31
Q
variable
A
- a contextual factor that can influence speech and writing
32
Q
verbal hygiene
A
- the effort to improve or correct speech and writing to arrest change in language
