Gender Stratification

Question 1

Gender Stratification

Answer 1

A dimension of social stratification

The unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male

Gender shapes how we interact with one another and even what we think of ourselves

Question 3

The ISRAELI KIBBUTZ study

Answer 3

its goal is gender equality

men and women engaged in the same everyday jobs,
*taking take of babies,
*repairing buildings
*making decisions in the group

Question 4

Margaret Meads Research

Answer 4

Culture is the key to gender distinction
different societies define masculine and feminine differently

Both sexes are cooperative and sensitive to owning another (feminine)

both sexes are typically selfish and aggressive (masculine)

Question 5

Geroge Murdocks research

Answer 5

Found global agreements that which tasks are feminine and masculine

hunting and warfare fall on men
cooking and childcare women

PREINDUSTRIAL societies turn to the other sex rather than others.

Question 6

Musuo

Answer 6

is a society in the west where women control property and select their partners

This appears to be the case of matriarchy

Question 7

Matriarchy

Answer 7

A form of social organization in which females dominate the males

Question 8

Patriarchy

Answer 8

A form od social organization in which males dominate females

Question 9

Sexism

Answer 9

The belief that one sex is innately superior to the other

Question 10

Institutional sexism

Answer 10

found throughout the economy

women are concentrated into low paying jobs

the legal system has excused violence against women specially from husband, boyfriends and fathers

Question 11

Gender roles or sex roles

Answer 11

attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex

Question 12

Importance of gender to socialization

Answer 12

From birth to death, Gender shapes human feelings, though and actions

how they see themselves

Children learn that society considers females and males different

teaches us how to behave (gender roles)

Question 13

Gender and family

Answer 13

The first thing we ask is “is it a boy or a girl”

Males are more aggressive with babies while females are tender and caring

It is clear that females revolve around emotion and corporation while males vales independence and action

Question 14

Gender and peer group

Answer 14

Female peer groups promote the interpersonal skills of communication ad cooperation

Girls consider morality a matter of responsibility to others

Question 15

Gender and Schooling

Answer 15

Men predominate in many fields

Females are more likely to enroll in dance and drama classes

Question 16

Working women and men

Answer 16

Women are lmore likely to work part time jobs than men but the fact that earning income is a mans job is no longer true

Question 17

Factors that contributed to change in the Canadian force

Answer 17

decline in farming
growth of cities
the ascendance of neoliberalism
shrinking family sizes
rise in divorce

Question 18

Gender and occupations

Answer 18

Women work “pink-collar jobs” such as assistants, nurses, educators, receptionists

Men dominate other categories like welder, electrician, mechanic

Question 19

Neil Guppy and Nicole Luongo

Answer 19

point out that while, over the last century, women have made significant progress in closing the wage gap, the “gender equality revolution” has now stalled

Question 20

How are women kept out of certain jobs?

Answer 20

by defining some kinds of work as “men’s works,” society defines women as less competent compares to men

Question 21

Describe what is Glass Ceiling

Answer 21

The higher in a company we look, the fewer women we see, many may not say it by feeling that women do not belong at the top levels of the company which prevents women from being promoted. this barrier is called the glass ceiling

Question 22

Gender and unemployment

Answer 22

The unemployment of M and F typically rise and fall together, with men having higher level of joblessness

Question 23

Gender, Income and wealth

Answer 23

Women have more income than men,

For every dollar that men earn, women earn 79 cents

these differences are greater among older working women as they have less educated and lesser in younger felames because they have the same schooling as men

Question 24

reasons why women earn less

Answer 24

1) because of the type of work they do

2) the way society views family and responsibilities (women care for children, maternity leave)
3) Discrimination against women

Question 25

Comparable worth policy

Answer 25

Paying people not according to the historical double standards but according to the level of skill and responsibility involved in the work

Question 26

Housework (women’s second job)

Answer 26

As women enter the labour force, their housework goes down, but the “share” done by women has stayed the same.

therefore women have less leisure time than men

Question 27

Gender and education

Answer 27

At first, education for men was considered necessary, but now doors have opened for women too, and the difference in majors among both genders is smaller too

women predominate the institution of education

Question 28

Gender Gap

Answer 28

Women are more likely to expand social programs and provide a safety net, and men are more likely to favour conservative positions such as building a stronger military

this difference in political attitudes s called the gender gap

Question 29

gender and military

Answer 29

Combat roles are opened to women as now they can join the force rather than just nursing

though for years, women have been experiencing sexual harassment from their peers

Question 30

define minority

Answer 30

any category of people distinguished by the physical and cultural differences that society sets apart and subordinates

Question 31

Are women a Minority?

Answer 31

Given the economic disadvantage of being a woman, yes, women are a minority even though they outnumber men

At every class level, women have less income, wealth, education and power

Patriarchy makes women dependent on men

Question 32

Violence against women

Answer 32

1,266,00 women are victims of violence

Men claim to be head of the household to the extent of abusing

Question 33

Sexual Harassment

Answer 33

Comments, gestures and physical contact of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated ad unwelcome

Question 34

Violence against men

Answer 34

While women are victims of violence, men are too,
they are at risk of loneliness and serious crimes like murder

The suicide rate for men is three times higher and live about 5 fewer years than women

Question 35

pornography and gender stratification

Answer 35

A sexually explicit material that causes sexual arousal

People raise concerns about pornography as a moral issue and also a power issue as it dehumanizes women

Question 36

Structural functionalist approach to gender stratification

Answer 36

Gender serves as a means to organize social life

With human muscle power no longer the main energy source, the physical strength of men becomes less important

Question 37

TALCOTT PARSON: gender and complementarity

Answer 37

gender helps integrate society
gender forms a complementary set of roles that link women and men into family units and gives each a responsibility for carrying out important tasks.

women do day-to-day jobs and childcare

while men connect the family to the larger world as they participate in the labour force

Question 38

TALCOTT PARSON AND TRAITS

Answer 38

Instrumental qualities
rational
self-assured
competitive

Expressive qualities
Emotional response
sensativity
child caring

Question 39

Symbolic interaction and gender stratification

Answer 39

mico-level view of society focusing on how people “do” gender as part of face-to-face interaction in everyday life

Question 40

Differential

Answer 40

Women show respect for other in high social position

Question 41

Social conflict theory and gender stratification

Answer 41

1)Gender involves much more than differences in behaviour

2)gender is a structural system of power that provides privileges to some and disadvantages to others

3)Gender is a social structure that creates division and tesion

Question 42

Gender and class inequality

Answer 42

The desire to control both women’s sexuality and property brought the monogamous marriage

Question 43

Rise of capitalism and gender inequality

Answer 43

capitalism makes male domination even stronger

1) it uses production to create more wealth
2) expanding capitalist economy depends on turning people into consumers, especially women
3) society assigns women to the task of maintaining the home to free men to work

Question 44

Intersection theory

Answer 44

Analysis of the interplay of race, class, gender, which often results in multiple dimensions of disadvantages

class, gender and ethnicity, race form a multi layered system that provides advantage and disadvantage for some and other

Question 45

Feminism

Answer 45

Views the everyday lives of women and men through the lense of gender.

Question 46

Basic feminism ideas

Answer 46

+Taking action to increase equality
+expanding human choice
+eliminating gender stratification throughout
+ending sexual violence
+promoting sexual freedom

Question 47

Types of feminism

Answer 47

Liberal feminism
+individuals should be free to develop their own talents and pursue their own interest

Radical feminism
+Society must eliminate gender itself as patriarchy is firmly entrenched

Question 48

Radical feminism

Answer 48

Society must eliminate gender itself as patriarchy is firmly entrenched

Question 49

Liberal feminism

Answer 49

individuals should be free to develop their own talents and pursue their own interests

both women and men capable of improving their lives as long as society removes legal and cultural barriers

Question 50

Socialist feminism

Answer 50

involve karl marx and friedrich engels

capitalism increases patriarchy by concentrating wealth and power in the hands of a small number of men

they critique radical feminists for failing to appreciate the links between patriarchy and class