Education, health and medicine Flashcards
Education
the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values
Schooling
formal instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers
Schooling in low income countries
All lower-income countries have one trait in common when it comes to schooling:
There is not much of it. In the poorest nations (including several in Central Africa), about one-fourth of all children never get to school
Structural functionalist: function of schooling
Structural-functional theory focuses on ways in which schooling supports the smooth opera-tion and stability of society
Socialization: Technologically simple soci-eties look to families to transmit a way of life from one generation to the next.
Cultural innovation: Faculty at colleges and universities invent culture as well as pass it along to students
Social integration: Schools mould a diverse population into one society sharing norms and values
social placement: Schools identify talent and match instruction to ability.
Latent functions: Schooling serves several less widely recognized functions
Symbolic interaction theory: The self fulfilling prophecy
The basic idea of symbolic interaction theory is that people create the reality they experience in their day-to-day interactions. We use this approach to explain how stereotypes can shape what goes on in the classroom.
Social conflict theory: Schooling and social inequality
Schooling maintains social inequality through unequal schooling for rich and poor. Within individual schools, tracking provides privileged children with a better education than poor children
Social control: teaches discipline and punctuality
Standardized testing: transforms privilege into individual merit
tracking: assigning students to different types of programs, frequently according to backgrounds
Access to education
Public and private schooling:
*Private school enrolment numbers have increased
*differences in funding between
Hidden curriculum
the subtle presentations of political or cultural ideas in the classroom
Medicine
A social institution that focuses on fighting diseases and improving health
Health
State of complete physical and menta and social well being
Social Epidemiology
The stud of how health and diseases are distributed throughout a society population
ways which large, bureaucratic schools undermine education
Rigid uniformity
Numerical ratings
Rigid expectations
Specialization
little individual responsibility
functional illiteracy
A lack of the reading and writing skills needed for everyday living.
mainstreaming integrating
students with disabilities or special needs into the overall educational program
Society affects people’s health in four major ways:
cultural patterns define health
Cultural standards of health change over time
A society, technology impacts people’s health
Social inequality effects peoples health
eating disorder
a physical and mental disorder that involves intense dieting or other unhealthy methods of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin
euthanasia
assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease; also known as mercy killing
holistic medicine
an approach to health care
that emphasizes prevention of illness and takes into account a person’s entire physical and social environment
Three foundations of holistic health care
Treat patients as people
Encourage responsibility, not dependency
Provide personal treatment
socialized medicine
a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physician
direct-fee system
a medical care system in which patients pay directly for the services of physicians and hospital
sick role
patterns of behaviour defined
as appropriate for people who are ill
Structural-Functional Theory: Role Analysis
alcott Parsons (1951) viewed medicine as society’s strategy to keep its members healthy. Parsons considered illness dysfunctional because it reduces people’s abilities to perform their roles
Symbolic interaction theroy: the meaning of health
society is less a grand system than a com-plex and changing reality. In this view, health and medical care are socially constructed by people in everyday interaction
Social construction of illness
Social construction of treatment
Social construction of persons identity
