gender sociologists

Question 1

Pollack

Answer 1

-women can deceive ppl so convicted less

Question 2

Chivalry thesis

Answer 2

-more credible than Pollack
-The CJS is ran by men, men have been socialised into being chivalrous therefore women are treated more leniently
-evidence for: haralambos, hood
-evidence against: farrington & morris, Walklate

Question 3

Haralambos and holborn

Answer 3

-women to be given cautions and less likely to be sent to prison

Question 4

Hood

Answer 4

Women 1/3 less likely to be jailed in similar cases to men as were seen as a less serious threat

Question 5

Farrington & Morris

Answer 5

in 408 sentences of theft, women were not sentenced more leniently

Question 6

Walklate

Answer 6

in rape trials women aren’t treated seriously and the victim is put on trial, not the defendant

Question 7

Heidensohn

Answer 7

women criminals are seen as double deviants as they break both the general norms in society but also the expectations of how they should behave. Double deviants e.g. sexually promiscous girls often end up in care more then boys

Question 8

Hedderman

Answer 8

differences in offending dont show bias but rather reflect how impactful if a woman went to jail compared to a man e.g. childcare

Question 9

Parsons

Answer 9

-girls have a clear role model as most childbearing done by mothers
-sex role theory- values girls are brought up with don’t lead to crime

Question 10

Cohen

Answer 10

delinquency carried out by boys because women have main role in socialisation so lack a role model

Question 11

Farrington & Painter

Answer 11

female offenders more likely to have erratic parenting

Question 12

Caddle and Crisp

Answer 12

-many reasons not linked to sex role theory
-e.g. having no money was a cause of 55% of crimes compared to 38% of crimes for child support

Question 13

Denscombe

Answer 13

due to changing female roles, they’re more likely to engage in risk taking

Question 14

westwood

Answer 14

idea of a fixed female identity has limited our understanding of crime, need to look at how their identities are changing to be more confident/ forceful

Question 15

Heidensohn (etv on liberation thesis)

Answer 15

convicted offenders score higher on psychology tests of femininity, implying they haven’t taken on male roles & female criminals are likely to be those who haven’t experienced liberation e.g. poor

Question 16

Heidensohn & Silvestri

Answer 16

-increase in female criminals could be due to the criminalisation of women bc of media sensationalising female crime
-men still commit proportionately more crime

Question 17

Heidensohn (radical feminism)

Answer 17

women less likely to commit crime bc they’re subjected to social control and informal sanctions prevent them from taking part in ‘improper’ behaviour. Looked at the 3 places where women are controlled (home, public, work)

Question 18

toor

Answer 18

low rates of crime among Br Asian girls due to strong idea of izaat and fear of being ostracised

Question 19

etv of heidensohn

Answer 19

-outdated
-lib fem= greater freedom from social control means its hard to explain low female crime rates

Question 20

Carlen

Answer 20

class and gender interacted to influence offending. W/C women rejected both gender and class deals as they had little reason to conform to norms

Question 21

etv of carlen

Answer 21

-small study but lots of evidence
-corston report= 40% of women in prison have been out of work for 5+ years
-neg= factors aren’t restricted to women

Question 22

Messerschmidt

Answer 22

-normative masculinity exists and relates to the idea of what a ‘real man’ is e.g. w/c man may have no status at work so express masculinity through violence
-men struggle to live up to expectations
-e.g. low status man have no power at work so look at DV for control

Question 23

jefferson (etv of messerschmidt)

Answer 23

why not all men?

Question 24

stats

Answer 24

-85% male vs 15% female prison
-85-90% male criminals commit serious crimes
-men 60x more likely to be found guilty for sex offences

Question 25

Roe and Ashe

Answer 25

-17% of females, 26% of males admitted they committed a core offence in last year
-12% of men vs 8% of women admitted to serious offences