Gender & Socialization Flashcards
theory of gender & development related to socialization
Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura
agent of socialization
any person or group that plays a role in the childhood gender socialization process
how an infant develops into a functioning social being and emerges with a personality & the process of becoming a full member of society
Socialization
types of socialization
- deliberate or conscious
- non-deliberate or unplanned
when persons are explicitly and directly taught the norms and values, the social expectations and obligations of the group
deliberate or conscious socialization
when individuals learn the norms and values by themselves from observations in the various groups they come in contact with
non-deliberate or unplanned socialization
the process of learning the social expectations and attitudes associated with one’s sex
Gender Socialization
the process of a child’s learning of his/her gender identity
Gendering
perpetuate the assignment of characteristics associated with women and men
Social Institutions
primary force of socialization
family
- child’s first source of information about gender
- communicate different expectations to their children depending on their sex
Parents
Child-Rearing Processes
- Manipulation
- Canalization
- Activity Exposure
- Verbal Appellation
the process of handling boys and girls differently even as infants
Manipulation
refers to ways by which parents deter or encourage behavior on the basis of appropriateness as regards gender
Manipulation
refers to the way by which parents channel the child’s interests in activities in conjunction with gender as deemed appropriate
Canalization
Activities’ conformity to norms and practices reinforces appropriate gender identification
Activity Exposure
use of language to label children in a way that reinforces appropriate gender identification
Verbal Appellation
conveys information about the role of gender in people’s lives and can reinforce gender stereotypes and sex-based discrimination
Media
model gender roles and sometimes demonstrate gender stereotypes by responding to male and female students in different ways
School
drawing on a performativity framework, which assumes that gender is socially constructed through gendered “performances”
Workplace
reinforces gender stereotypes through religious symbols, teachings, doctrines and their interpretations
Religion
what governs the people and sets laws that dictate what is and what is not, what should and should not be
The State
