Gender -men

Question 1

Why do men commit more crime?

Answer 1

Messerschmidt

Postmodern, masculinity and crime

Bodily capital

Question 2

Ao1 Messerschmidt

Answer 2

He uses the concept of masculinity to explain men’s higher rate of offending for example, he argues that masculine he is a social construct, so men have to constantly work to present it to other men and in order to do this they use crime
Hegemonic masculinity is the most dominant form
This is achieved through work in the paid labour market, and driven by uncontrollable sexuality of men
However, some men have subordinated masculine identity . This includes gay men who have no desire to accomplish a hegemonic masculinity.
He sees crime and deviance as a resource that different men may use for accomplishing masculinity, for example, class, and ethnic differences among the youth, live different forms of rule breaking to demonstrate muscle

Question 3

Ao3 Messerschmidt

Answer 3

He does not explain why not all men use, crime to accomplish masculinity
He overwork the concept of masculinity to explain all male crimes
And he is in danger of a circular argument, for example violence, because they are crimes committed by males

Question 4

Ao1 postmodernity, masculinity and crime

Answer 4

Globalisation has led to a shift from a modern industrial society to a late modern or postmodern , deindustrialised society.
This has led to the loss of many traditional male jobs were working class. Men are able to express their masculinity by physical labour, and provided for their family.

The traditional muscle jobs that have been lost because of globalisation has opened up new types of jobs where men can still express their masculinity, and example of this is working in clubs, pubs and bars, which are usually violent

An example of this is winlows study of bouncers in Sunderland were working as a bouncer, provided young men with both paid work and opportunity for illegal business ventures in drugs alcohol, as well as an opportunity demonstrate their masculinity through the use of violence

Question 5

Ao3 postmodernity masculinity and crime

Answer 5

Winlow provides a useful explanation as how change opens criminal opportunities for men who are able to use violence to express masculinity
Alongside this, it shows how the expression of masculinity changes with the move from a modern industrial society to post modern de
industrialised one

Question 6

Ao1 bodily capital

Answer 6

Due to post modernity, organised professional subculture has emerged because of new business opportunities found in the nighttime economy