Gender key words

Question 1

sex

Answer 1

biological differences between males and females including chromosomes, hormones, anatomy
innate

Question 2

gender

Answer 2

psychological and cultural differences between males and females including attitudes, behaviours, social roles

Question 3

sex-role stereotypes

Answer 3

set of beliefs, preconceived ideas about what is expected or appropriate for males/females in given society

Question 4

androgyny

Answer 4

displaying a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics in one’s personality

Question 5

Bem sex role inventory (BSRI)

Answer 5

first systematic attempt to measure androgyny using rating scale of 60 traits, scores across 2 dimensions: masculinity-femininity, androgynous-undifferentiated

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

found in nucleus of living cells, carry info as genes, 23rd pair determines sex

Question 7

sex-determining region Y

Answer 7

in Y chromosome, causes testes to develop in XY embryo so male

Question 8

hormone

Answer 8

chemical substance circulated in blood, controls, regulates activity of cells/organs

Question 9

testosterone

Answer 9

from androgen group, produced mainly in male testes, associated with aggression

Question 10

oestrogen

Answer 10

important role in menstrual cycle and reproductive system

Question 11

oxytocin

Answer 11

contraction of uterus during labour, stimulates lactation

Question 12

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 12

affect males
genotype has extra X chromosome (XXY)
tall thin physique
small infertile testes, enlarged breasts

Question 13

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 13

affect women
1 X chromosome (X0)
developmental abnormality
infertility

Question 14

gender identity

Answer 14

age 2 identify self as girl/boy
age 3 identify others
not aware sex permament

Question 15

gender stability

Answer 15

age 4
always stay same gender but can’t apply to others
confused by changes in appearance/diff activities

Question 16

gender constancy

Answer 16

age 6
gender is constant across time and situations and applied to others
not fooled by changes in appearance
behave gender appropriately

Question 17

gender schema

Answer 17

organised set of beliefs and expectations related to gender, derived from experience, guides understanding of own gender and gender-appropriate behaviour

Question 18

Oedipus complex

Answer 18

how boy resolves love for his mother and feelings of rivalry towards his father, by identifying with his father

Question 19

Electra complex

Answer 19

girls’ attraction to and envy of father, resolved by identification with mother

Question 20

identification

Answer 20

desire to be associated with person/group because possess desirable characteristics

Question 21

internalisation

Answer 21

adopts attitudes/behaviour of another

Question 22

gender roles

Answer 22

set of behaviours and attitudes considered appropriate for one gender and inappropriate for other

Question 23

culture

Answer 23

ideas, customs, social behaviour of group of people/society

Question 24

media

Answer 24

communication channels which news, entertainment, education, data available

Question 25

self-efficacy

Answer 25

seeing others perform increases belief that they are capable themselves

Question 26

gender identity disorder (GID)

Answer 26

strong persistent feelings of identification with opposite gender
discomfort with assigned sex, desire to live as members of opposite sex
often dress and use mannerisms of opposite gender