Gender key words Flashcards
sex
biological differences between males and females including chromosomes, hormones, anatomy
innate
gender
psychological and cultural differences between males and females including attitudes, behaviours, social roles
sex-role stereotypes
set of beliefs, preconceived ideas about what is expected or appropriate for males/females in given society
androgyny
displaying a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics in one’s personality
Bem sex role inventory (BSRI)
first systematic attempt to measure androgyny using rating scale of 60 traits, scores across 2 dimensions: masculinity-femininity, androgynous-undifferentiated
chromosomes
found in nucleus of living cells, carry info as genes, 23rd pair determines sex
sex-determining region Y
in Y chromosome, causes testes to develop in XY embryo so male
hormone
chemical substance circulated in blood, controls, regulates activity of cells/organs
testosterone
from androgen group, produced mainly in male testes, associated with aggression
oestrogen
important role in menstrual cycle and reproductive system
oxytocin
contraction of uterus during labour, stimulates lactation
Klinefelter’s syndrome
affect males
genotype has extra X chromosome (XXY)
tall thin physique
small infertile testes, enlarged breasts
Turner’s syndrome
affect women
1 X chromosome (X0)
developmental abnormality
infertility
gender identity
age 2 identify self as girl/boy
age 3 identify others
not aware sex permament
gender stability
age 4
always stay same gender but can’t apply to others
confused by changes in appearance/diff activities
gender constancy
age 6
gender is constant across time and situations and applied to others
not fooled by changes in appearance
behave gender appropriately
gender schema
organised set of beliefs and expectations related to gender, derived from experience, guides understanding of own gender and gender-appropriate behaviour
Oedipus complex
how boy resolves love for his mother and feelings of rivalry towards his father, by identifying with his father
Electra complex
girls’ attraction to and envy of father, resolved by identification with mother
identification
desire to be associated with person/group because possess desirable characteristics
internalisation
adopts attitudes/behaviour of another
gender roles
set of behaviours and attitudes considered appropriate for one gender and inappropriate for other
culture
ideas, customs, social behaviour of group of people/society
media
communication channels which news, entertainment, education, data available
self-efficacy
seeing others perform increases belief that they are capable themselves
gender identity disorder (GID)
strong persistent feelings of identification with opposite gender
discomfort with assigned sex, desire to live as members of opposite sex
often dress and use mannerisms of opposite gender
