Gender Inequality - 20 marker Flashcards
Identify the 2 areas of life in which gender inequality occurs.
1) Families and Households
2) The workplace
Give a piece of evidence for gender inequality in families and households - 1a.
Women carry out an overall average of 60% more unpaid work (e.g. housework) than men.
- ONS (2016)
Identify a supporting sociologist for gender inequality in families and households - 1a.
Duncombe and Marsden (1995) argue that women work a triple shift with paid work, housework, and child care.
Give an explanation for evidence 1a of gender inequality in families and households.
Liberal Feminists would argue that a patriarchal society has socialised a breadwinner role of the male and a housewife role as the female which reinforces gender norms of women taking on the expressive role compared to men taking on the instrumental role.
How does evidence 1a explain gender inequality in families and households.
This causes gender inequality as women are expected to do more than men in the house purely because of socialisation of gender roles.
Give a piece of evidence for gender inequality in families and households - 1b.
26% of women aged 16-59 reported experiencing domestic abuse compared to 15% of men.
- Crime Statistics for England and Wales (2017)
Identify a supporting sociologist for gender inequality in families and households - 1b.
Sclatter (2001) argues that behaviour such as hitting is more easily recognisable than verbal abuse and so domestic abuse levels may be higher than what is reported.
Give an explanation for evidence 1b of gender inequality in families and households.
Radical Feminists argues that in a patriarchal society all personal relationships are ‘political’ due to the unequal amounts of power with patriarchal definitions of women’s sexuality being used to control women for the benefit of men in that they are told how to look and behave. They argue that when this patriarchal ideology fails, women are under threat of male violence to put them ‘back in line’.
How does evidence 1b explain gender inequality in families and households.
This therefore shows inequality as women are always limited in their capacity to live their lives freely due to the unequal amounts of power held in a relationship.
Give a piece of evidence for gender inequality in the workplace - 2a.
Men’s wages are an average of 17% higher than women’s.
- Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (2017)
Identify a supporting sociologist for gender inequality in the workplace - 2a.
Laff (2016) argues that women compromise with their employers to receive flexible hours in order to take care of their families in exchange for lower pay.
Give an explanation for evidence 2a of gender inequality in the workplace.
Barron and Norris’ (1976) dual labour market theory may explain the gender pay gap as horizontal segregation (men and women being in different types of jobs) due to stating that women dominate the secondary labour market (part-time, low pay, temporary) due to having to care for their children or taking maternity leave and never returning to full-time work.
How does evidence 2a explain gender inequality in the workplace.
Therefore women experience gender inequality as they are more likely to receive less pay due to having to care for children whilst the father focuses on their career.
Give a piece of evidence for gender inequality in the workplace - 2b.
Only 6/100 chief executives are women with their average salary being 77% less than their male CEO counterparts.
- High Pay Centre Report (2017)
Identify a supporting sociologist for gender inequality in the workplace - 2b.
Purcell (2010) argued that gender stereotypes and discrimination create the glass ceiling regardless of qualifications.
