Gender Identity

Question 1

What is gender identity

Answer 1

Our biological sex will carry with it a set of cultural expectations and these cultural exceptions are our gender roles

Question 2

Traditional male stereotypes

Answer 2

• Aggressive
• tough
• not emotional
• dominate

Question 3

Traditional female stereotypes

Answer 3

• submissive
• nurturing
• kind
• indecisive

Question 4

Oakley

Answer 4

Claimed that children learn the expected behaviour for their gender through the following primary socialisation process

• manipulation
• verbal application
• different activities
• canalisation

Question 5

Manipulation

Answer 5

Parents encourage different behaviour that is normal for the gender and discourage what they may see as inappropriate gender behaviour eg phases such as “boys don’t cry”

Question 6

Verbal appellations

Answer 6

Language can reinforce gender stereotypes eg pet names girl=angel and boys=trouble or more aggressive names

Question 7

Different activities

Answer 7

Girls taken to dance class or kept at home where as boys go out are taken to play football

Question 8

Canalisation

Answer 8

Boys and girls are channeled into appropriate activities so boys are given male toys that encourage physical activities where as girls are given dolls to encourage caring

Question 9

The institution of engineering and technology (206)

Answer 9

Analysed toss from the top ten toy retailers and found
89% of toy aimed at girls were pink
11% of girls toys focused on science, technology and engineering
31% boys toys had such focus

Question 10

How does media shape our gender identity

Answer 10

FS - instructions - women being told to stay a home to look after their children rather than males
FS - sanctions - boys receiving like for doing something dangerous vs females getting like for wearing something provocative
INF - imitation - copying Same sex Elba who may have gender stereotypes

Question 11

How do peers affect our gender identity

Answer 11

FS - instructions - being instructed by friends how to act linking to gender norms
FS - sanctions - being included in stereotyping gender activities such a being invited shopping with the girls or watch football with boy
INF - imitation - coping same sex friends who are popular

Question 12

How do the family affect gender roles

Answer 12

Formal Socialisation - Instructions
● being directed to perform an action suitable to the gender role. Ann
Oakley
Formal Socialisation - Sanctions
● rewarded/punished for acting inside/outside of gender role (norm).
Informal Socialisation - Imitation of Role Models
● copying same-sex parent/sibling, and learning the gender role though this