Culture Flashcards
Define culture
Term used to describe the why of life of a group of people
What does a culture include
Culture includes things that are shared by a society
What might a society share
- same beliefs
- same values
- cultural attire
- history
- food
- rituals/ceremonies
Where do people learn their culture
Socialisation
Define norms
Rules ad or guidelines for expected and appropriate behaviour
What is it called when norms change
Social change
Examples of norms in the uk
- skipping the queue
- not saying please and thank you
Define values
Widely accepted beliefs that some things are worthwhile and desirable
Examples of values
- democracy
- mutual respect
What put values into practise
Norms
Define customs
Set of norms associated with particular social occasions
Examples of social occasion and customs
Bonfire night - to have bonfire with guy Fawkes and fireworks
Christmas- having present, tree, big dinner
What are customs accompanied by
Traditions and rituals
Define status
A person standing or position in society
Define ascribed status
Position assigned o the biases of biology or family characteristics
Define achieved status
Position earned through achievement and performance
Define social roles
Are the particular norms of behaviours that you are expected to follow based on the parts you play in society
What are social roles based of
Your status
Examples of social roles and status
Doctor - help, trusting, medical support
Student - learn, listen
Define role conflict
- People tend to have several roles to follow, can be when several roles clash meaning that we cannot fulfil the expectations of each role successfully
- can also happen when there are contradictions between different roles that a person takes on or plays in their everyday life
Examples of role conflict
- Being a student who has to do homework, being an employee who has to work and being a friend who needs to comfort someone all in the same night
- when a parent coaches a football team that includes that parents child the role of the parent can conflict with the role of the coach who needs to be objective
Define social control
Consists of the processes by which society ensures that people conform to norms and values so that social order is maintained.
Define social order
Maintenance of a stable society
Define formal social control
Official way of dealing with deviant behaviour which is usually focused on the law or written down rules.
Define informal social control
Unofficial means of dealing with deviant behaviour with is usually focused on unwritten rules
Social control can work via
Sanctions
Define positive sanctions
Reinforce behaviours through rewards
Define negative sanctions
Discourage behaviours through punishments
Examples of formal social control
- being arrested
- being expelled from school
Examples for informal social control
- receiving pocket money
- being grounded
Example of negative sanctions
- being grounded
- Being arrested
Examples positive sanctions
- receiving pocket money
- receiving knighthood
