Gender Development Theories Flashcards
1
Q
What are the five theories of gender-role development?
A
- biological theory
- psychoanalytic theory
- cognitive developmental theory
- gender schema theory
- social cognitive theory
2
Q
Discuss biological theory?
A
- chromosomes - xx, xy
- hormones
- males and females are made up similarly - not always dimorphic
- infants can only vary in the extent to which their biological make-up allows them to
- evidence that hormones affect the infants developing genitalia. Evidence not strong.
3
Q
What are the limitations of biological theory?
A
- gender differences in many areas of human functioning are small and have been declining
- impossible to experimentally manipulate the biological markers of gender that affect performance
4
Q
Discuss Psychoanalytic theory
A
Freud
- identification with same-sex parent
- oedipus complex (boys)
- electra complex (girls)
5
Q
Discuss Cognitive Developmental Theory
A
Kohlberg (1966)
- gender identity - are you boy or girl
- gender stability - when you grow up will you be a mummy or daddy
- gender consistency - if you played with dolls, what would you be
6
Q
What is gender constancy?
A
Kohlberg - the concept that a person’s sex is a permanent attribute that is tied to underlying biological properties
7
Q
Discuss Social Cognitive Theory
A
- modelling e.g. only see males mowing the lawn
- enactive experience - punishment/approval for different type of gender stereotypical activity
- direct tuition - you’re a girl and these are the things you should like - direction
8
Q
What are the regulators of gendered conduct and role behaviour in the social cognitive theory
A
- gender-linked social sanctions
- gender-linked self-sanctions
- perceived self-efficacy
9
Q
Discuss the Gender Schema Theory
A
-throw out gender consistency & stability of Kohlberg - gender identity is enough for the development of behaviour
