Gender Bias

Question 1

Universality

Answer 1

The idea that conclusions drawn from research can be applied to everyone
Eg believing some behaviours are the same for everyone

Question 2

Gender bias

Answer 2

Research that does not offer a representative view other either gender
Feminist psychologists argue that psychology has been built on biased research which has been shaped to uphold male superiority

Question 3

Androcentricism
Type of gender bias

Answer 3

Research which is only based on males then used as the standard and expected norm of both genders

Question 4

Effect of androcentricsm

Answer 4

If male beh is normal beh
Beh which deviates is considered abnormal
Leads to females being misunderstood
Eg confmority findings of asch was generalised to both genders if females conformed more than 37% may be seen as abnormal

Question 5

Beta bias

Answer 5

Research that misrepresents behaviour as they ppminimise differences between the genders
Important aspects of female experience ignored so limits any conclusions drawn
Occurs when females not added to sample so results assumed to be able to applied equally
Feg fight or flight is assumed universality but early research was conducted on make animals

Question 6

Alpha bias

Answer 6

Research misrepresents behaviours as it exaggerates differences between genders to reinforce stereotypes and usually to devalue women as they not seen as the norm
Eg research supports that male seek attractive young women while women seek resources reinforcing stereotypes

Question 7

AO3

Answer 7

Alpha bias promotes inappropriate stereotypes
Gender bias emphasisied by male psychologists
Arguing men and women should be studied differently emphasises gender differences exist

Question 8

AO3 gender bias
Alpha bias research promotes inappropriate stereotypes

Answer 8

Suggests females dependent on males
Leads to feeling of inferiority
Proteomes discrimination
Evolutionary psychologists emphasis gender differences to be innate
Giving biological justification of
Thus gender bias withing research provides scientific reasoning to deny women opportunities and to validate discrimination
Impacts female life

Question 9

AO3
Gender bias is emphasised by male psychologists

Answer 9

Favours male participants
Lab experiment produce unfair results w male researchers using their power to label female as irrational w use of quantitative data
Other psychologists argue research methods used should be adapted for females such as more qualitative data so more equality
Allowing more understanding of female behaviour
Without these changes there will be neg cons for women when generalised beyond the setting

Question 10

AO3
Studied differently emphasises gender differences

Answer 10

So bias can not be avoided
Impossible to look at research with objectivity every time as we all have gender
But gender bias should be taken into consideration when conducting research
Eg Milgram only used all male bc it was relevant to his aim of investigating beh of Nazi
Recognition ensures effects of gender bias are minimised when conducting research