gender and women

Question 1

prison population - male and female

Answer 1

5% vs 95%

Question 2

who talks about sex role theory

Answer 2

parsons

Question 3

explain sex role theory - parsons

Answer 3

because females carry out expressive role they are socialised into caring and looking after peoples emotional needs
- internalise values such as empathy which reduce likelihood of committing crime
link to canalisation

Question 4

canalisation

Answer 4

socialisation in the home from birth. direction of boys and girls to gendered toys/objects - girls get caring toys etc such as dolls and babies

Question 5

evaluation of sex role theory

Answer 5

toys more gender neutral now - outdated

Question 6

who talks about control theory

Answer 6

Heidensohn

Question 7

explain Heidensohns control theory

Answer 7

women are more controlled than man - through fathers and then husbands
- men lack supervision and control by authoritative figures and so commit more crime

Question 8

evaluation of Heidensohns control theory

Answer 8

much more equal, symmetrical relationships now
- woman has more agency and childcare is split
- women have more opportunities now

Question 9

who talks about gender and class deal

Answer 9

Carlen

Question 10

explain Carlen’s theory of why wc women commit more crime

Answer 10

gender deal - stick to stereotypes of women and will be rewarded emotionally (abuse)
class deal - work hard and will be rewarded with material goods and nice lifestyle (could not get due to exclusion /not getting jobs)

• these deals kept wc women respectable
• rational choice to commit crimes when these deals break
• women exploited at home and by employers

Question 11

why to many crimes women commit not get reported

Answer 11

due to the nature of their crimes
- prostitution etc
- petty crimes such as thief - let off with warning
- chivalry thesis

Question 12

who talks about chivalry thesis

Answer 12

pollack

Question 13

explain concept of chivalry thesis

Answer 13

• most judges and police etc are male
• feel need to protect women and see them as incapable of criminal behaviour
• crimes taken less seriously
• underestimate womans criminality

Question 14

What did Floodpage et al find

Answer 14

one in 11 female self-reported offenders prosecuted vs one in 7 males

Question 15

which female criminal can be used as an example of double deviance

Answer 15

Myra Hindley
- involved in murders of five children with her husband but was much more hated in media than him, despite having less to do with murders

Question 16

lombroso on female crime

Answer 16

female crimes due to excess ‘male characteristics’

Question 17

freud on female crime

Answer 17

masculine complex in women
penis envy

Question 18

who talks about liberation thesis

Answer 18

Adler

Question 19

explain Adlers liberation thesis on why women are committing more crime

Answer 19

due to increased freedom, growing economic opportunities

• now women have similar social standings and employment patterns as men they resemble their criminal behaviours
• due to correlation of female liberation and female crime increasing
  ex: ladettes

Question 20

evaluation of liberation thesis (3)

Answer 20

• female crime began rising in 50s long before liberation
• wc women commit more crime but are less likely to benefit from movement
• ‘serious’ crimes still dominated by men