gender and women Flashcards
prison population - male and female
5% vs 95%
who talks about sex role theory
parsons
explain sex role theory - parsons
because females carry out expressive role they are socialised into caring and looking after peoples emotional needs
- internalise values such as empathy which reduce likelihood of committing crime
link to canalisation
canalisation
socialisation in the home from birth. direction of boys and girls to gendered toys/objects - girls get caring toys etc such as dolls and babies
evaluation of sex role theory
toys more gender neutral now - outdated
who talks about control theory
Heidensohn
explain Heidensohns control theory
women are more controlled than man - through fathers and then husbands
- men lack supervision and control by authoritative figures and so commit more crime
evaluation of Heidensohns control theory
much more equal, symmetrical relationships now
- woman has more agency and childcare is split
- women have more opportunities now
who talks about gender and class deal
Carlen
explain Carlen’s theory of why wc women commit more crime
gender deal - stick to stereotypes of women and will be rewarded emotionally (abuse)
class deal - work hard and will be rewarded with material goods and nice lifestyle (could not get due to exclusion /not getting jobs)
- these deals kept wc women respectable
- rational choice to commit crimes when these deals break
- women exploited at home and by employers
why to many crimes women commit not get reported
due to the nature of their crimes
- prostitution etc
- petty crimes such as thief - let off with warning
- chivalry thesis
who talks about chivalry thesis
pollack
explain concept of chivalry thesis
- most judges and police etc are male
- feel need to protect women and see them as incapable of criminal behaviour
- crimes taken less seriously
- underestimate womans criminality
What did Floodpage et al find
one in 11 female self-reported offenders prosecuted vs one in 7 males
which female criminal can be used as an example of double deviance
Myra Hindley
- involved in murders of five children with her husband but was much more hated in media than him, despite having less to do with murders
lombroso on female crime
female crimes due to excess ‘male characteristics’
freud on female crime
masculine complex in women
penis envy
who talks about liberation thesis
Adler
explain Adlers liberation thesis on why women are committing more crime
due to increased freedom, growing economic opportunities
- now women have similar social standings and employment patterns as men they resemble their criminal behaviours
- due to correlation of female liberation and female crime increasing
ex: ladettes
evaluation of liberation thesis (3)
- female crime began rising in 50s long before liberation
- wc women commit more crime but are less likely to benefit from movement
- ‘serious’ crimes still dominated by men
