Gender and Sexual Orientation

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

Def: Biological, based upon three factors (genetalia, hormones, chromosomes) and generally follows the ranges of male to intersex to female.

Ex: Jessica was born with a female-like figure and has female chromosomes but they also have testes so they identify their sex as intersex.

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

Def: The social def of sex. Used to fulfill a social or historical need (war, take care of household…) Masculine, feminine, androgynous (man, woman, nonbinary, gender-fluid) it is a spectrum

Ex: My little sibling is gender-fluid and goes by a full range of pronouns)

Question 3

Sexual Orientation

Answer 3

Def: Who someone is sexually and romantically attracted to.

Ex: I am bisexual. I am romantically and sexually attracted to two or more genders.

Question 4

Sexuality

Answer 4

Def: The specifics of what someone is into.

Ex: Asexuality or kinks

Question 5

Gender Roles

Answer 5

Def: Societies view of how men and women should behave

Ex: Women belong in the kitchen and men should work (ugh)

Question 6

Micro, meso and macro level

Answer 6

Def: Gender is first taught on a micro level (by parents) and then continually pushed on a meso and macro level. Feminine people have power on a micro level but masculine people have power on the meso and macro levels.

Ex: Mom having power over the children in a country that’s never had a female president.

Question 7

Stages in gender socialization - Infancy

Answer 7

Def: Gender is defined by parent’s words and actions.

Ex: Calling daughters pretty and sons handsome or dolls for daughters and dinosaurs for boys (DINOS ARE FOR ALL AND SO ARE DOLLS)

Question 8

Stages in gender socialization - Childhood

Answer 8

Def: Peers and social events play more into defining gender for children

Ex: Boys tend to be on competitive sports teams while girls tend to play more cooperative games (not as evident today as it used to be)

Question 9

Stages in gender socialization - Beyond

Answer 9

Def: Religion and media have a strong impact on gender

Ex: Social media and religious members may push wifely duties on women and shame them for a lack of these qualities.

Question 10

Micro-level agents of socialization

Answer 10

Def: Family, peer groups, and neighborhood

Ex: Parents setting up play-dates only with children of the same gender as their child.

Question 11

Meso-level agents of socialization

Answer 11

Def: Education, politics, religion, social class

Ex: School teachers purposefully pairing students off in same-sex groups.

Question 12

Macro-level agents of socialization

Answer 12

Def: Media and global outreach

Ex: Social media pushes for women to stay home and take care of the children instead of pursuing a career.

Question 13

Gender in the workplace

Answer 13

Def: Some businesses value gender diversity and will hire equal numbers of each gender while others still see feminine genders as inferior in the workplace.

Ex: Construction crews will still regularly deny female workers due to prejudice.

Question 14

Side effect discrimination

Answer 14

Def: Actions by one group that negatively impact a specific gender due to its connections to another group’s actions.

Ex: Offering a job to a man who needs to support his wife and children but actively denying a job to a single mother.

Question 15

Past-in-present discrimination

Answer 15

Def: Present as neutral to gender but have old policies that keep women as inferiors.

Ex: Having men’s bathrooms on every floor but only having female bathrooms on every-other floor.

Question 16

Glass Ceiling

Answer 16

Def: The limit that keeps specific groups of people (usually women) from gaining power in a company

Ex: Jamie was more qualified to be the boss than Jonathan but he got the promotion over her.

Question 17

Sticky Floor

Answer 17

Def: The majority of women around the world will face this; low-paying, low-prestige jobs.

Ex: Being a waitress, elementary school teacher, nursing

Question 18

Glass Escalator

Answer 18

Def: Men in female dominated fields tend to get promoted very quickly

Ex: Female and male nurse interns. Male becomes a nurse first.

Question 19

Second Shift

Answer 19

Def: Women have to work an extra shift after they come home from work that consists of taking care of the house and children

Ex: A mom works a 12 hour shift at the office and then comes home and cooks dinner, plays with the kids and gets them ready for bed while also trying to clean up the house.

Question 20

Symbolic interactionism and doing gender

Answer 20

Def: We “do gender” all of the time. We express traits that specifically demonstrate masculinity and femininity therefore we are more performing gender than being gender.

Ex: Painting your nails pink is a sign of doing the female gender.

Question 21

Functionalist theory and gender

Answer 21

Def: Gender roles were created to keep a balance before the pre-industrial era. Women were often limited by pregnancy and therefore it was easier for them to maintain the household instead of working.

Ex: Moms who work a full time job and then come home to take care of the children in order to maintain the functionality of the household.

Question 22

Conflict theory and gender

Answer 22

Def: Women and men are struggling over the power over a woman’s life.

Ex: The fight for reproductive rights.

Question 23

Feminist theory and gender

Answer 23

Def: A form of conflict theory that tries to explain the inequalities in gender issues.

Ex: Suffragettes trying to get the right to vote is a fight for feminism.

Question 24

Feminism

Answer 24

Def: The idea that men and women should have equal opportunities in social, political, and economic areas

Ex: Feminist fight for closing the pay gap between women and men, equaling out the economic difference.

Question 25

The intersection of race, class, and gender

Answer 25

Def: Race, class and gender have all been used to categorize people and in turn been used to discriminate against said groups.

Ex: Blacks, females, and lower class are all considered inferior to rich, white men.

Question 26

Women as a minority group

Answer 26

Def: Identified as a minority group due to common features and by a lack of social power.

Ex: Suffragettes fighting for the right to vote relates to their identification as a minority.

Question 27

Heterosexism

Answer 27

Def: The assumption that heterosexual is the “correct” orientation and the advantages that come with being heterosexual.

Ex: Gay marriage being illegal but there never being a question about heterosexual marriage.

Question 28

Homophobia

Answer 28

Def: Fear and hatred of the LGBTQ+ community

Ex: Richard screamed slurs at the gay couple solidifying him as a homophobic jerk.

Question 29

Costs and consequences of gender stratification

Answer 29

Def: The social rankings in which men are typically a higher status than men that brings for the wage-gap and lack of ability to buy housing on their own.

Ex: Jane gets paid $2 to Johns $5.

Question 30

Sexual Attitudes in the United States

Answer 30

Def: The conservative and liberal views of sexuality in the United States

Ex: Men tend to have a more positive view of casual sex than women.

Question 31

Virginity Pledges

Answer 31

Def: An agreement made by CHILDREN and TEENS to wait to have sex until marriage

Ex: Jenny signed a virginity pledge and then ended up getting an STI from her high school boyfriend.

Question 32

Queer theory

Answer 32

Def: The need to study the everyday life of the LGBTQ+ community and not just their sex lives.

Ex: Jake and Tom adopted their daughter in 2022 but they only get asked who’s the woman in the bedroom.