Gender and Identity Flashcards
How is gender linked with identity?
Gender is fluid and changing and effects how you see yourself.
The way women are seen and the expectations surrounding their appearance, behaviour and roles have changed.
Can be due to biological differences or socially constructed.
PARSON “GENDER ROLE IN THE FAMILY”
Women have an expressive role that’s natural based on childbearing.
Men have an instrumental role by being he breadwinners and protectors.
WILSON “BIOLOGICAL VIEW”
The need to reproduce requires more promiscuity for men. Women need to nurture the child and stay faithful to the father to ensure his help in the upbringing.
How is gender identity socially constructed?
Male dominated societies create and reinforce stereotypes of how males and females should be.
Socially contrasted by a patriarchal society.
MEAD “TCHAMBULI TRIBE”
Makes and females were different but had opposite roles.
ARAPESH TRIBE both men and women were gentle and cooperative.
ANN OAKLEY “GENDER SOCIALISATION”
Manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellation and different activities.
The agents of secondary socialisation help reinforce gender role socialisation.
MAC AN GHAIL “MACHO LADS”
Boys learn to be men in their school peer groups and practice sexuality and policing others.
Gender power based on hyper masculinity was their main source of identity.
HEY “TEENAGE FRIENDSHIP GROUPS”
Looked at the power of the peer group over girls behaviour, norms of the peer group are deeply routed in girls.
FALUDI “CRISIS OF MALE AND FEMALE IDENTITY”
Independent women were judged and blamed for various social problems.
Increase in male domestic and sexual violence against women is part of their masculinity- it’s their one remaining source of power.
CONNELL “MASCULINITY”
Hegemonic masculinity is the dominant masculinity that’s most common and reinforced.
Subordinate masculinity is associated with homosexual males.
Marginalised masculinity is for the unemployed males who are present but not fully accepted as “real masculinity”.
DENSCOMBE “FEMALE RISK TAKING”
Increase in risk taking behaviour (smoking) as being related to “ladette” culture with females.
JACKSON “LADETTE”
Some “ladettes” spent time drinking, smoking and swearing for fear of doing otherwise and being considered unpopular by peers.
MAC AND GHAIL “CRISIS OF MASCULINITY”
Insecurity felt by w/c men, there’s a loss of the breadwinner role/identity with the decline of traditional male industries.
CANAAN “W/C MEN AND JOBS”
Unemployed men said having a job was the most important thing as they felt emasculated.
Men with jobs have predictable responses to fighting, drinking and sex.
