Gender and employment in dev

Question 1

What evidence is there of gender inequality in the dev world?

Answer 1

1. women have lower life expectancy
2. women paid less and less education
3. women have less access to healthcare
4. greater chance of abortion if baby is female
5. poor reproductive rights of females e.g religion

Question 2

What is the GEM?

Answer 2

Gender empowerment measure -progress made by women in a society, measures decision making, economic power and participation e.g management jobs, MPs, Voting, GDP per capita of women

Question 3

What is the GDI?

Answer 3

gender-related dev index - measures dev-related factors e.g literacy, work, life expectancy

Question 4

How has technology changed women’s employment patterns?

Answer 4

1. Mitter - allows them to work from home and do flexible hours
2. call centre jobs e.g in india

Question 5

Why do LEDCs want TNCs to relocate to them?

Answer 5

1. lower labour costs

2. Set up of EPZs in LEDCs (export processing zones, type of free trade)

Question 6

Why do conditions favour TNCs not workers?

Answer 6

1. long hours and low pay
2. bad health and safety
3. casual labour so no job security
4. high paid jobs e.g marketing are done in MEDCs
5. no training as jobs are unskilled
6. employ more women as they can pay them less
7. trade unions banned so they cannot strike
8. people desperate for work so no incentive to offer better wages