Gender and Crime Flashcards
By their 40th birthday how many women vs men have criminal convictions?
One in three men and fewer then one in ten females.
Who is more likely to be a victim of crime?
Men. For example in 2018/19 64% of homicides were men and 36% were female.
What does Heidensohn say about crime statistics being inaccurate?
In 1999, self report studies found that the male to female crime ratio was 3:1 not 6:1 that official statistics showed.
What is the chivalry thesis?
The idea that the police and courts treat women more favorably, for example being more likely to let off a women with a warning rather than a ticket.
What is sex role theory?
It is concerned with gender socalisastion, it believes that crime is committed disproportionately by men due to the difference in the ways that men and women have been socialized.
What did Heidensohn say about sex role theory?
Women have more to lose then men as they risk greater stigma and shame.
What did Carlen say about sex role theory?
Women are socalised into performing the roles of guardians of domestic morality and they risk social disproval when they fail to do so. Women who commit a crime face the double jeopardy of being condemned for the act and not living up to the feminine ideals. Men do not due to them being socalised into masculine aggressive traits as a child.
What does Carlen say about the class and gender deal?
She undertook a study on working class females and suggested that women conform both to the class and gender deal. Women will act rationally when offered a role for conforming yet will commit a crime if the rewards are greater then the risk. If the rewards/deals aren’t available then crime is more likely.
What is the class deal?
Rewards which arise from working in paid employment and the ability to buy consumer goods.
What is the gender deal?
The rewards which come from working in the home and family life such as emotional rewards and financial support.
What is a critism of the idea of a class deal?
Not all women conform too the idea of a consumerist society for example the zero waste movement.
What is a critism of the gender deal?
Feminist’s may be consciously aware of it so make choices to be motivated by other factors.
What did Heidensohn argue about social control?
There are agencies of social control which work to discourage people from choosing crime over conformity. Men dominate the public spheres of pubs and clubs in which most crime is committed and women the private sphere of the home which the responsibility’s of which leave little time for deviance. Women are controlled by fear of sexual violence in the public sphere which limits their options to deviate. Women also face the threat of their reputation being damaged if they engage in deviance with the applications of labels such as slag.
What’s bedroom culture?
Girls and boys are socalised in different ways, we teach girls to stay in doors and do things such as write in diary’s whilst boys are encouraged to play outside.
What did Pollak argue?
Linked to the chivalry thesis, men have a protective attitude towards women and they dislike accusing and punishing women, from the police all the way to the judges.
