Gender Flashcards

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1
Q

1980s

A

Major concern with females low achievement

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2
Q

1990s

A

Females began to significantly outperform males

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3
Q

What class outperformed boys in 1990s?

A

Working class

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4
Q

Present day

A

Males tend to be underachieving compared to females

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5
Q

Who showed that gender achievement rollercoasted

A

Browne 2008

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6
Q

Who does better in sats

A

Girls

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7
Q

Who does better in GCSE’s

A

Girls

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8
Q

What subject do boys outperform girls in GCSE’s

A

Science

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9
Q

What fraction of girls achieve A*-C grades

A

2/3

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10
Q

What fraction of boys achieve A*-C grades

A

1/2

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11
Q

Who stays in post 16 education more

A

Girls

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12
Q

Who is more likely to achieve 3 a levels

A

Girls

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13
Q

Who is accepted into universities

A

Girls

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14
Q

External / outside school factors for why females tend to outperform

A

Impact of feminism
Changes in women’s employment
Changes in family
Changing attitude and ambitions

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15
Q

Internal / inside school factors for why females tend to outperform

A

Equal opportunities policies
Positive role models
GCSE and coursework
Stereotyping and labelling

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16
Q

Sharpe 1976-1994 study

A

Just like a girl

17
Q

Sharpe

A

1976 - love marriage husbands children career

1994 - career independence then maybe relationships

18
Q

McRobbie

A

Magazines such as Jackie in the 70’s encourages women to get married in comparison to nowadays women are presented with positive role models in the media

19
Q

Mitsos and Browne

A

Economy has created more feminised careers e.g. Health care hospitality and teaching etc

20
Q

Equal pay act

A

Made it illegal to pay one sex more than the other

21
Q

Webb et al

A

Number of women in employment went fro 47% to 70% from 1959 to 2007
Pay gap decreased from 30% to 17% since 1975

22
Q

Francis

A

Interviewed girls on their future careers and since employment increased they aimed for high professions e.g. Doctors

23
Q

Weiner

A

Sexist images removed books and replaced with more positive female imagery

24
Q

In what year were GCSES and coursework introduced?

A

1988/9

25
Q

Why does coursework favour girls?

A

Spend more time
Take care in presentation
More organised than boys
Develop better speaking in oral exams

26
Q

Swann

A

Boys dominate discussions compared to girls

27
Q

Groddal

A

Boys are more likely to attract the attention of the teacher

28
Q

Barber

A

Boys over estimate their ability whilst girls underestimate theirs

29
Q

Stanworth

A

Boys are more lie,lot to blame lack of effort or teachers for their failure

30
Q

Epstein

A

Boys are likely to be called a sissie or swot as well as being subjected to homophobic harassment

31
Q

Wikeley

A

Boys opt for scientific and mathematical subjects whereas girls take English and languages at a level

32
Q

Kelly

A

Science teachers more likely to be male
Boys monopolise the equipment
Text books more suited to male interests

33
Q

Paetcher

A

Girls are called butch and lesbian if involved in sport

34
Q

Connell

A

Hegemonic masculinity - dominance of heterosexual masculine identities

35
Q

Male gaze

A

Females are seen as sexual objects by a hegemonic masculine identity