Gender: 20 mark MUST KNOW

Question 1

ONS: Self-employed women earn around _% less than self-employed men (WOMEN: WORKPLACE)

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

ONS: Up to ___ women are sacked each year simply for being pregnant (WOMEN: WORKPLACE)

Answer 2

30,000

Question 3

Sylvia Walby (WOMEN: WORKPLACE)

Answer 3

Argues that trade unions are patriarchal institutions, are dominated by men and usually act in the interests of men.

Question 4

Catherine Hakim (WOMEN: WORKPLACE)

Answer 4

Women now have a choice to stay at home due to greater affluence, meaning they choose not to have full time jobs and instead stay at home and look after their children.

Question 5

Engels (WOMEN: POVERTY)

Answer 5

Women continue to be financially disadvantaged compared to men, tending to get lower wages and lower-status jobs than men

Question 6

_% women will be living below the poverty line when they retire, compared to _% men (WOMEN: POVERTY)

Answer 6

25% // 12%

Question 7

The income of retired women is less than _% of that of retired men (WOMEN: INCOME)

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

Approximately _% of people in national minimum wage jobs are women (WOMEN: INCOME)

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

Oakley (WOMEN: INCOME)

Answer 9

Many aspects of inequality are linked to the fact that women are socialised into the maternal role and social expectations place a duty on women to take breaks from work to look after children

Question 10

Glass ceiling (WOMEN: INCOME)

Answer 10

Women are frequently told they can reach the top levels/promotions at work and can see them, but there are always barriers in the way to stop them from achieving this, such as employers negative perceptions of women in the workplace or the fact women have to go on maternity leave

Question 11

Murdock (WOMEN: FAMILY)

Answer 11

Biological differences between men and women were the basis of the sexual division of labour in society. Biological differences, such as the greater physical strength of men and the fact that women bear children, lead to gender roles. This is the most efficient way of organising society.

Question 12

Duncombe and Marsdsen interviewed __ white couples who had been married __ years and found women actually perform a triple shift of paid work, emotional work and housework/childcare. (WOMEN: FAMILY)

Answer 12

40 // 15

Question 13

Girls in the UK gain more _ - _ grade GCSEs compared to boys (MEN: EDUCATION)

Answer 13

A*-C

Question 14

Boys are _ times more likely to be excluded from school (MEN: EDUCATION)

Answer 14

Four

Question 15

Mac & Ghail (MEN: EDUCATION)

Answer 15

‘Crisis of masculinity’

Question 16

The ONS data in __ found on average men develop heart disease __ earlier than women (MEN: HEALTH)

Answer 16

2010 // ten

Question 17

__% of those dependent on alcohol are male (MEN: HEALTH)

Answer 17

80%

Question 18

According to health and safety data collected in the UK, more than __% of the __ people killed in the workplace every year are men (BOYS: WORK)

Answer 18

95% // 200