Ethnicity: 20 mark

Question 1

In __ ___ pupils were the most likely to achieve __ or more GCSE grades A*-C in England. Indian pupils had the next highest achievement levels. (EDUCATION)

Answer 1

2004 // Chinese // five

Question 2

Only __% of Black Caribbean boys and __% of Black Caribbean girls achieved five or more A*-C grade GCSEs (EDUCATION)

Answer 2

27% // 44%

Question 3

In ___/__ black pupils were among the most likely to be permanently excluded from schools in England. (EDUCATION)

Answer 3

2003/04

Question 4

In __ people from the Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean and Pakistani groups were less likely than White British people to have a degree. (EDUCATION)

Answer 4

2004

Question 5

Bangladeshis and Pakistanis were the most likely to be unqualified- __% of Bangladeshis and __% of Pakistanis. (EDUCATION)

Answer 5

45% // 32%

Question 6

___ named ___ and ___ as the groups more likely to experience poverty. (POVERTY)

Answer 6

Berthoud // Pakistanis & Bangladeshis

Question 7

Ginn & Arber (POVERTY)

Answer 7

Ethnic minority groups, especially women are disproportionately dependent on state pensions. They are unable to afford to pay into private pension schemes, this particularly has an impact on women and means they are more likely to end up in poverty later in life.

Question 8

What do black feminists believe (link to Ginn & Arber)

Answer 8

Black feminists believe that this is due to ‘intersectionality’, that women that are from ethnic minorities experience oppressions that criss-cross one another. Feminism in the past focus too much on their white counterparts.

Question 9

Heath and Yu (EMPLOYMENT)

Answer 9

Ethnic minorities took up lower positions despite similarities in education and age.

Question 10

Mason (EMPLOYMENT)

Answer 10

Some ethnic groups are severely disadvantaged in the workplace due to employer’s attitudes.

Question 11

In ___ ___, only __% of teachers were from non-white ethnic groups. (EMPLOYMENT)

Answer 11

January 2008 // 6%

Question 12

In the armed forces ethnic minorities make up _% of those employed. (EMPLOYMENT)

Answer 12

6%

Question 13

Battu and Sloane (EMPLOYMENT)

Answer 13

Ethnic minorities in employment are more likely to be overeducated than the White group in the UK

Question 14

Castles and Kosack (EMPLOYMENT)

Answer 14

Claim ethnic minorities are a reserve army of labour in capitalist societies. After WW2 capitalist countries turned to immigrant labour as they knew it would be a cheap pool of workers who could be exploited, even if they were educated.

Question 15

__ of people from ethnic minorities live in low income households, twice the rate than for white people. (INCOME & WEALTH)

Answer 15

2/5

Question 16

Men from ethnic minorities earn at least __% less than comparable white group

Answer 16

10%

Question 17

Bangladeshi experience income inequality as only __% have incomes that are among the top half of incomes overall (INCOME & WEALTH)

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

Rowlingson and McKay (INCOME & WEALTH)

Answer 18

White British people in managerial occupations had greater wealth than ethnic minorities in the same position.

Question 19

What do functionalists claim? (INCOME & WEALTH)

Answer 19

Functionalists claim that over time this social inequality will decline as immigrants adopt the norms and values of mainstream society and climb their way up the ladder. They believe that immigrants have a relatively low level of skill and many cultural differences which mean they experience inequalities.