Gender Flashcards

1
Q

gender statistics in crime?

A
  • disproportionate amount of males commiting
  • 96% of prison pop are men
  • women seen more as victims
  • female killers extremely rare
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2
Q

factors that could cause females to commit significantly violent crimes?

A
  • dominant male partner
  • result of abuse from males
  • mental illness
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3
Q

what is the double deviance theory?

A
  • where females have broken the law and broken the sterotypes.
  • female criminals that have challenged expectations of feminity tend to be treated harshly in media and given harsher sentences than those who live upto sterotype
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4
Q

5 reasons why females commit less crime

A
  1. biological explanation
  2. sex role theory + differential socialisation
  3. opportunity/knowledge
  4. risk taking
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5
Q

what is the biological explanation for why females commit less crime?

A

Dalton-> hormonal/menstrual factors can influence a minority of woen to commit crime
Lambroso-> female criminals lacked natural female traits

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6
Q

what is sex role theory and differential socialisation for why females commit less crime?

A
  • **expectations of behaviour **associated with each sex
  • from infancy female role contains attractiveness, softeness, caring, male role= toughness, aggressiveness
  • due to socialisation (games, subjects, dress) girls **lack values **associated with delinquiency.
  • offences for women- shoplifting
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7
Q

what is social control for why females commit less crime?

A
  • feminists= nuclear family as prison where women are trapped
  • should look after children
  • for women to escape pressure of control in family= depression rather than crime
  • males socialised to use violence to resolve probs, females not (male monoploly of violence)
  • females fear bad rep
  • domination of public world by men- women dont go out eg streets/pubs
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8
Q

what is opportunity/knowlede for why females commit less crime?

A
  • adolesence- girls confined to home due to parental control, bedroom culture. boys in streets where opportunities arise
  • adulthood- constrained through looking after husband + children. no free time
  • employment- no opp for w.c.c as lower level
  • violence- female role= no toughness
  • knowledge- unlikely know how to commit, steal car readily available to males (tech knowledge)
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9
Q

what is risk taking for why females commit less crime?

A

Miller + Hoffman-> more risk averse, risk taking is a masculine personality trait

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10
Q

sociological evidence for women ‘get away’ with crime

A
  1. types of crime commit underrepresented in stats
  2. chivalry thesis
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11
Q

women get away with crime

Pollack

A
  • men and women commit similar NUMBER of crimes
  • types of crimes women commit eg shoplifting are underrepresented in crime stats
  • male victims of abuse embarassed to report
  • women more skilled at decieving eg menstural pain + faking orgasm
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12
Q

Campbell

A

ration of 5:1 is more likely 2:1 M:F
= levels more or less equal

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13
Q

what is the Chivalry thesis?

A

Smart-> women treated in paternalistic way by police and court which may result in them being treated more leniently

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14
Q

evaluation for Chivalry thesis?

A

Heidensohn-> double deviance, women have harsher punishment

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15
Q

sociology evidence for female crime increasing

A
  1. new type of female criminal due to liberation
  2. increase rate of female police
  3. increase risk taking
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16
Q

female crime increasing

Alder

A
  • womens liberation led to new type of female criminal
  • women taken on male social roles, more likely involved in robbing banks/mugging
17
Q

female crime increasing

Box and Hale

A
  • social change led to increase rate of women crime
  • more female police officers= no chivalry thesis
18
Q

female crime increasing

Denscombe

A
  • changing gender roles more females likely engage in risk taking behaviour.
  • more females taking on male attitudes like ‘looking hard’
19
Q

Is female crime a social class issue?

A

Carlen
working class women more likely to commit crime due to not being able to achieve:
1. the class deal (successful carrer)
2. the gender deal (functional family unit)
feel only option is crime

20
Q

statistics for women as victims?

A
  • more male victims for homocide, female victims know killer (partner/ex-partner)
  • women x10 more likely SA than men
  • women most likely victimised by stranger
  • 8% females experienced SA reported to police
21
Q

why are men more likely to commit crime?

A
  1. conforming to hegemonic masculinity
  2. LC/ethnic= deviancy to express masculinity
  3. edgework
22
Q

Messerschmicit

A
  • men trying to conform to hegemonic masculinity
  • male crime attempt to exress masculinity in diff ways
23
Q

Lyng

A

masculinity and edgework
- crime is thrilling, exciting, risk taking
- more attractive to males to prove masculinity

24
Q

white collar crime

Goldstraw-white (5)

A

WHITE COLLAR CRIME
main diffs in W.C fraudsters in prison
1. men better qualified than women
2. men likely offend w others, women alone
3. women sentence 23mth, men 40
4. both commit cos of family pressure- men ‘maintain lifestyle’ women- protect family
5. women likely regret crime

25
Q

what is the complexity of womens role in society?

A

women have more complex reasons to commit crime due to society/societal role of women eg acting as a way to help family