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english language - paper 2 > gender > Flashcards

gender Flashcards

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1
Q

Robyn Lakoff year of study

A

1975

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2
Q

3 features of woman’s language - Robyn Lakoff

A

hedges, tag questions, empty adjectives etc.

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3
Q

do women speak more or less frequently than men - Robyn Lakoff

A

less

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4
Q

women’s attitudes to coarse or expletive language - Robyn Lakoff

A

avoid them

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5
Q

year of O’Barr & Atkins study

A

1980

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6
Q

did O’Barr & Atkins challenge or support Robyn Lakoff’s study

A

challenge as they deemed it reductive

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7
Q

how long was O’Barr & Atkins’ study

A

30 months long

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8
Q

how many hours of footage did O’Barr & Atkins study?

A

150 hours

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9
Q

where did O’Barr & Atkins conduct there study

A

in a courtroom

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10
Q

true or false O’Barr & Atkins stated Lakoff’s powerless forms were a result of gender

A

false

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11
Q

which women used the lowest frequency of Lakoff’s features - O’Barr & Atkins

A

high status women

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12
Q

what did O’Barr & Atkins say had the greatest impact on language

A

percieved power in society

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13
Q

what year was Zimmerman and West’s study

A

1975

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14
Q

how many conversations did Zimmerman and West observe

A

11

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15
Q

what was the main language feature Zimmerman and West assessed

A

interruptions

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16
Q

who interrupted more in Zimmerman and West’s study

A

men

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17
Q

why did the men interrupt more according to Zimmerman and West

A

they like to be in charge of conversations

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18
Q

how many times did the women interrupt in Zimmerman and West’s study

A

2

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19
Q

how many times did the men interrupt in Zimmerman and West’s study

A

46

20
Q

who stated society enforce ‘male power’

A

Dale Spender

21
Q

what was Dale Spender’s overall conclusion

A

society enforces male power

22
Q

who’s evidence did Dale Spender base their study on

A

Zimmerman and West

23
Q

what year was Geoffrey Beattie’s study

A

1980

24
Q

what was Geoffrey Beattie’s conclusion

A

men and women interupt at similar rates

25
Q

who’s theory does Geoffrey Beattie support

A

Dale Spender

26
Q

how many hours of footage did Geoffrey Beattie analyse

A

10 hours

27
Q

when was Pamela Fishman’s study

A

1983

28
Q

who did Pamela Fishman base her study off

A

young American couples

29
Q

why do mixed gender conversations fail - Pamela Fishman

A

men don’t respond to declaratives

30
Q

what is a method women employ to maintain conversations - Pamela Fishman

A

use questions

31
Q

is women’s frequent use of questions a sign of insecurity - Pamela Fishman

A

no it is to receive engagement

32
Q

what type of face could women use to encourage male engagement - Pamela Fishman

A

positive

33
Q

how many hours of footage did Pamela Fishman base her study off

A

52 hours of pre-recorded footage

34
Q

when was Tannen’s study

A

1990

35
Q

what is Tannen’s status vs support concept

A

men need to gain status whereas women seek support from people

36
Q

what is Tannen’s information vs feelings concept?

A

men’s conversations are message oriented whereas women try to build relationships

37
Q

what is Tannen’s advice vs understanding concept

A

men feel the need to find a solution whereas women provide an empathetic response

38
Q

when was Deborah Cameron’s study

A

2008

39
Q

what was Deborah Cameron’s concept of myths

A

they are arising

40
Q

name 3 theories Deborah Cameron challenges

A

Lakoff, Fishman and Tannen

41
Q

why do myths in language form - Deborah Cameron

A

we shape our expectations of male and female language

42
Q

when was Janet Hyde’s study

A

2005

43
Q

what was the name of Janet Hyde’s study

A

gender similarity hypothesis

44
Q

hat did Janet Hyde say about language

A

men and women have more similarities than differences in language

45
Q

why may differences arise between genders - Janet Hyde

A

other variabilities like class or age

46
Q

name of Judith Butler’s study

A

gender performativity theory

47
Q

Judith Butler’s view on gender being a biological issue

A

completely false

english language - paper 2 (7 decks)

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