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final test reviewers > GENBIO > Flashcards

GENBIO Flashcards

1
Q

One billion years

A

Gigaannum

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2
Q

are the longest portions of geologic time

A

Eons

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3
Q

These divisions are called geochronological units

A

EONS ERAS PERIODS

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4
Q

divides up the history of the earth based on life-forms that have existed during specific times since the creation of the planet.

A

The geologic time scale

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5
Q

Subdivision of eons

A

HEDEAN ARCHEAN PROTEROZOIC PHANEROZOIC

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6
Q

Subdivision of eons ( PRECAMBRIAN SUPEREON )

A

HEDEAN ARCHEAN PROTEROZOIC

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7
Q

Subdivision of eons ( CAMBRIAN PERIOD )

A

Phanerozoic

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8
Q

was the “Age of Early Life.” -continents formed and our modern atmosphere developed, while early life evolved and flourished 4.5 billion to 540 million years ago when earth was an ocean of magma.

A

Precambrian

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9
Q

Events in the hadean Eon

A

Earth coalesced from a cloud of dust into a planet.

The Big Bang created all matter in the universe.

A magnetic field forms

Earth meet moon

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10
Q

-named after the Greek god and ruler of the underworld Hades, is the oldest eon and dates from 4.5–4.0 billion years ago. This time represents Earth’s earliest history, during which the planet was characterized by a partially molten surface, volcanism, and asteroid impacts

A

Hadean Eon

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11
Q

an older sources sometimes called the Archaeozoic, is the second of the four geologic eons of Earth’s history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic.

A

Archean (beginning or primitive)

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12
Q

that were active in the Archean eon (before approximately 2500 million years ago) in Precambrian time.

A

Volcanoes

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13
Q

also called also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta,are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via photosynthesis.

A

Cyanobacteria

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14
Q

is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotic.

A

Archea

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15
Q

 is the most recent division of the Precambrian. It is also the longest geologic eon, beginning 2.5 billion years ago and ending 541 million years ago.

A

Proterozoic

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16
Q

is the current and the latest of the four geologic eons in the Earth’s geologic time scale, covering the time period from 538.8 million years ago to the present.

A

Phanerozoic

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17
Q

three eras of the phanerozoic

A

Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.

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18
Q

means ‘ancient life.’ The oldest animals on Earth appeared just before the start of this era in the Ediacaran Period, but scientists had not yet discovered them when the geologic timescale was made.

A

Paleozoic (541-252 million years ago)

19
Q

marks an important point in the history of life on Earth; it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. This event is sometimes called the “Cambrian Explosion,” because of the relatively short time over which this diversity of forms appears. It was once thought that Cambrian rocks contained the first and oldest fossil animals, but these are now found in the earlier

A

Cambrian Period

20
Q

which lived in shells resembling those of clams or cockles, and animals with jointed, external skeletons known as arthropods the ancestors of insects, spiders, and crustaceans.

A

Brachiopods

21
Q

is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period 485.4 Ma to the start of the Silurian Period 443.8 Ma

A

Ordovician Period

22
Q

the most remarkable biological event was the evolution and diversification of fish

A

Silurian Period

23
Q

was a time of major evolutionary innovation in the marine realm  ‘Age of Fishes‘  419.2 million years ago

A

Devonian

24
Q

creatures in Silurian period

A

trilobites graptolites conodonts corals, stromatoporoids, mollusks.

25
Q

lasted from about 359.2 to 299 million years ago* during the late Paleozoic Era. its term comes from England, in reference to the rich deposits of coal that occur there. These deposits of coal occur throughout northern Europe, Asia, and mid western and eastern North America. sometimes

called the Age of Amphibians because of the diversification of early amphibians

A

The Carboniferous Period

26
Q

is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago.

A

The Permian ( Age of Land Vertebrates )

26
Q

Permian -Triassic mass extinction is also known as

A

the “Great Dying”

27
Q

95% of life on Earth disappeared Land ecosystem took nearly 30 years to recover All life today are descendants of 5% of species which survived the extinction

A

Permian -Triassic mass extinction (“Great Dying”

28
Q

means ‘middle life’ and this is the time of the dinosaurs.

A

Mesozoic (252- 66 million years ago)

29
Q

is the second-to-last era of Earth’s geological history, lasting from about 252 to 66 million years ago, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

A

The Mesozoic Era

30
Q

The Mesozoic is divided into three time periods:

A

the Triassic (245-208 Million Years Ago), the Jurassic (208-146 Million Years Ago), the Cretaceous (146-65 Million Years Ago)

30
Q

is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. marked the beginning of major changes that were to take place throughout the Mesozoic Era. the land masses of the world were still bound together into the vast supercontinent known as Pangea

A

The Triassic Period

31
Q

second of three periods of the Mesozoic Era. Extending from 201.3 million to 145 million years ago, it immediately followed the Triassic Period (251.9 million to 201.3 million years ago)

A

Jurassic Period

31
Q

was a supercontinent derived from the Greek pangaia, meaning “all the Earth.”

A

Pangea

32
Q

ancient continental mass in the Northern Hemisphere that included North America, Europe, and Asia (except peninsular India).

A

Laurasia

33
Q

ancient supercontinent that incorporated present-day South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, India, Australia, and Antarctica.

A

Gondwana

34
Q

dominated the terrestrial ecosystem. originated in the Paleozoic Era

A

Gymnosperms (“naked-seed” plants)

35
Q

is a geological period that lasted
from about 145 to 66 million years ago. It is the third
and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the
longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest
geological period of the entire Phanerozoic.

A

The Cretaceous period

36
Q

sleek,
hydrodynamic predators
that terrorized the
world’s oceans during
the late Cretaceous
period–represented
the pinnacle of marine
reptile evolution,

A

Mosasaurs

37
Q

________, was a sudden
mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and
animal species on Earth, approximately 66 million
years ago. The event caused the extinction of all nonavian dinosaurs

A

Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction

38
Q

means ‘recent life. ‘ During this era, plants and animals look most like those on Earth today

is sometimes called ”The Age of Mammals”, because the largest land
animals have been mammals during that
time.

A

Cenozoic Period

39
Q

They lived from
the late Miocene epoch into the Holocene about 4,000 years ago, and various species existed in Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America.

A

Mammoth

40
Q

is an extinct family of piglike artiodactyls which
inhabited the Northern
Hemisphere from the
late Eocene to the early
Miocene epochs, about
38-19 million years
ago.

A

Entelodontidae

final test reviewers (7 decks)

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