Gen. Bio. PPTs 1: ATP and Pigments

Question 1

What are the three main kinds of work of a cell?

Answer 1

Transport, Chemical, Mechanical Work.

Question 2

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for, based on the three kinds of work?

Answer 2

a. Transport: Energy currency
b. Chemical: Powers cellular work
c. Mechanical: Used to make RNA

Question 3

What are 2 bonds present in ATP?

Answer 3

a. Phosphoanhydride Bonds: found between the triphosphate group
b. Phosphoester Bonds: found betweeen the base and triphosphate group

Question 4

The bonds of ATP can be broken through ____________.

Answer 4

Hydrolysis

Question 5

The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy.

Answer 5

Photosynthesis

Question 6

Almost all plants are _____________, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2

Answer 6

photoautotrophs

Question 7

_________ obtain their organic material from other organisms.

• Consumers of the biosphere

Answer 7

Heterotrophs

Question 8

_____________ are structurally similar to and likely evolved from photosynthetic bacteria.

Answer 8

Chloroplasts

Question 9

A form of electromagnetic energy, also called electromagnetic radiation.

Answer 9

Light

Question 10

Light travels in ________ waves.

Answer 10

rhythmic

Question 11

The distance between crests of waves. Determines the type of electromagnetic energy.

Answer 11

Wavelength

Question 12

This consists of wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see.

Answer 12

Visible light

Question 13

Light also behaves as though it consists of discrete particles called ___________.

Answer 13

photons

Question 14

________ are substances that absorb visible light.

Answer 14

Pigments

Question 15

Different pigments absorb _____________.
a. Wavelengths that are not absorbed are ____________.
b. Leaves appear green because chlorophyll reflects and transmits ________

Answer 15

different wavelengths
a. reflected or transmitted
b. green light

Question 16

________ are the major locations of photosynthesis.

Answer 16

Leaves

Question 17

Their green color is from ____________, the green pigment within chloroplasts

Answer 17

chlorophyll

Question 18

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called ____________.

Answer 18

stomata

Question 19

This measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths.
a. This machine sends light through pigments and measures the fraction of light transmitted at each wavelength

Answer 19

Spectrophotometer

Question 20

Role of Pigments. Complex molecules containing Magnesium which absorb light energy in RED/BLUE regions which is used for photosynthesis.

Answer 20

Chlorophyll a and b

Question 21

Role of Pigments. Absorb light mainly in GREEN part of the spectrum and pass on the energy to chlorophyll.

Answer 21

Carotene and Xanthophyll

Question 22

Why have accessory pigments?

Answer 22

Broaden the absorption spectrum and pass energy onto chlorophyll

Question 23

It is a graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength.

Answer 23

Absorption Spectrum

Question 24

The absorption spectrum of _________ suggests that violet-blue and red light work best for photosynthesis

Answer 24

chlorophyll a

Question 25

An _________ profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process

Answer 25

action spectrum

Question 26

Action Spectrum. The higher the rate, the more effective the wavelength of light at providing energy for photosynthesis.

Answer 26

Highest: Blue -> Red Lowest: Green -> Yellow-Orange

Question 27

a. wavelengths of light ABSORBED BY PIGMENT b. wavelengths of light where PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS

Answer 27

a. Absorption Spectrum b. Action Spectrum

Question 28

The action spectrum of photosynthesis was first demonstrated in 1883 by _________

Answer 28

Theodor W. Engelmann

Question 29

Areas receiving wavelengths favorable to photosynthesis produced excess ________

Answer 29

O2

Question 30

What is the main photosynthetic pigment?

Answer 30

Chlorophyll a

Question 31

Accessory Pigment. Broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis.

Answer 31

Chlorophyll b

Question 32

Accessory Pigment. Absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll.

Answer 32

Carotenoids

Question 33

Comparison of Pigments. Chlorophyll 'b' differs from Chlorophyll 'a' in having ___________ instead of CH3(Methyl) group at the 3rd C atom in II Pyrrol ring

Answer 33

CHO (aldehyde)group

Question 34

Comparison of Pigments. Chlorophyll 'c' differs from Chlorophyll 'a' by lacking ________.

Answer 34

phytol tail

Question 35

Comparison of Pigments. Chlorophyll ____ differs from Chlorophyll 'a' in having O-CHO group instead of CH-CH2 group at 2nd Carbon in the 1st Pyrrol ring.

Answer 35

'd'

Question 36

Comparison of Pigments. _________ have open tetra pyrrols and they have neither Mg nor phytol chain

Answer 36

Phycobilins

Question 37

Comparison of Pigments. Pheophytin resembles Chlorophyll 'a' except that it lacks ________ and has __________

Answer 37

Mg atom; two H atoms

Question 38

Summary of Comparisons of Chlorophyll:

Answer 38

B: has CHO C. no phytol tail D: has O-CHO group Pheophytin: no Mg atom, has 2 H atoms Phycobilins: no Mg nor phytol chain

Question 39

Pigments. Yellow to Orange - Absorb strong blue to violet region - Protect chlorophyll from photo-oxidative damage (AKA SHIELD PIGMENTS) - Absorb light and transfer it to chlorophyll

Answer 39

Carotenoids

Question 40

Pigment Example. Ripening of fruits, floral colors, and leaf colors during autumn.

Answer 40

Carotenoids

Question 41

Pigments. Orange, Red, Yellow, and Brownish pigments. - Hydrocarbons (lipids) - Precursor of vitamin A

Answer 41

Carotenes

Question 42

Pigment Example. Red pigment found in fruits of tomato, red peppers, and roses. Ex. Lycopene

Answer 42

Carotenes

Question 43

Pigments. Yellow (like carotenes but contain oxygen). C40H56O2

Answer 43

Xanthophylls

Question 44

Pigment Example. Yellow color change of leaves in autumn season. Ex. Lutein, Violaxanthin, Fucoxanthin

Answer 44

Xanthophylls

Question 45

Pigments. Proteinaceous pigments, soluble in water, and do not contain Mg and phytol tail. Two forms: - Phycocyanin in cyanobacteria - Phycoerythrin in rhodophycean algae (red algae)

Answer 45

Phycobilins