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12 Q2 > Gen. Bio. PPTs 1: ATP and Pigments > Flashcards

Gen. Bio. PPTs 1: ATP and Pigments Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main kinds of work of a cell?

A

Transport, Chemical, Mechanical Work.

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2
Q

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for, based on the three kinds of work?

A

a. Transport: Energy currency
b. Chemical: Powers cellular work
c. Mechanical: Used to make RNA

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3
Q

What are 2 bonds present in ATP?

A

a. Phosphoanhydride Bonds: found between the triphosphate group
b. Phosphoester Bonds: found betweeen the base and triphosphate group

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4
Q

The bonds of ATP can be broken through ____________.

A

Hydrolysis

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5
Q

The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy.

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

Almost all plants are _____________, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2

A

photoautotrophs

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7
Q

_________ obtain their organic material from other organisms.

  • Consumers of the biosphere
A

Heterotrophs

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8
Q

_____________ are structurally similar to and likely evolved from photosynthetic bacteria.

A

Chloroplasts

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9
Q

A form of electromagnetic energy, also called electromagnetic radiation.

A

Light

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10
Q

Light travels in ________ waves.

A

rhythmic

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11
Q

The distance between crests of waves. Determines the type of electromagnetic energy.

A

Wavelength

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12
Q

This consists of wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see.

A

Visible light

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13
Q

Light also behaves as though it consists of discrete particles called ___________.

A

photons

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14
Q

________ are substances that absorb visible light.

A

Pigments

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15
Q

Different pigments absorb _____________.
a. Wavelengths that are not absorbed are ____________.
b. Leaves appear green because chlorophyll reflects and transmits ________

A

different wavelengths
a. reflected or transmitted
b. green light

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16
Q

________ are the major locations of photosynthesis.

A

Leaves

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17
Q

Their green color is from ____________, the green pigment within chloroplasts

A

chlorophyll

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18
Q

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called ____________.

A

stomata

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19
Q

This measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths.
a. This machine sends light through pigments and measures the fraction of light transmitted at each wavelength

A

Spectrophotometer

20
Q

Role of Pigments. Complex molecules containing Magnesium which absorb light energy in RED/BLUE regions which is used for photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll a and b

21
Q

Role of Pigments. Absorb light mainly in GREEN part of the spectrum and pass on the energy to chlorophyll.

A

Carotene and Xanthophyll

22
Q

Why have accessory pigments?

A

Broaden the absorption spectrum and pass energy onto chlorophyll

23
Q

It is a graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength.

A

Absorption Spectrum

24
Q

The absorption spectrum of _________ suggests that violet-blue and red light work best for photosynthesis

A

chlorophyll a

25
Q

An _________ profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process

A

action spectrum

26
Q

Action Spectrum. The higher the rate, the more effective the wavelength of light at providing energy for photosynthesis.

A

Highest: Blue -> Red
Lowest: Green -> Yellow-Orange

27
Q

a. wavelengths of light ABSORBED BY PIGMENT
b. wavelengths of light where PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS

A

a. Absorption Spectrum
b. Action Spectrum

28
Q

The action spectrum of photosynthesis was first demonstrated in 1883 by _________

A

Theodor W. Engelmann

29
Q

Areas receiving wavelengths favorable to photosynthesis produced excess ________

A

O2

30
Q

What is the main photosynthetic pigment?

A

Chlorophyll a

31
Q

Accessory Pigment. Broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll b

32
Q

Accessory Pigment. Absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll.

A

Carotenoids

33
Q

Comparison of Pigments. Chlorophyll ‘b’ differs from Chlorophyll ‘a’ in having ___________ instead of CH3(Methyl) group at the 3rd C atom in II Pyrrol ring

A

CHO (aldehyde)group

34
Q

Comparison of Pigments. Chlorophyll ‘c’ differs from Chlorophyll ‘a’ by lacking ________.

A

phytol tail

35
Q

Comparison of Pigments. Chlorophyll ____ differs from Chlorophyll ‘a’ in having O-CHO group instead of CH-CH2 group at 2nd Carbon in the 1st Pyrrol ring.

A

‘d’

36
Q

Comparison of Pigments. _________ have open tetra pyrrols and they have neither Mg nor phytol chain

A

Phycobilins

37
Q

Comparison of Pigments. Pheophytin resembles Chlorophyll ‘a’ except that it lacks ________ and has __________

A

Mg atom; two H atoms

38
Q

Summary of Comparisons of Chlorophyll:

A

B: has CHO
C. no phytol tail
D: has O-CHO group
Pheophytin: no Mg atom, has 2 H atoms
Phycobilins: no Mg nor phytol chain

39
Q

Pigments. Yellow to Orange
- Absorb strong blue to violet region
- Protect chlorophyll from photo-oxidative damage (AKA SHIELD PIGMENTS)
- Absorb light and transfer it to chlorophyll

A

Carotenoids

40
Q

Pigment Example.
Ripening of fruits, floral colors, and leaf colors during autumn.

A

Carotenoids

41
Q

Pigments. Orange, Red, Yellow, and Brownish pigments.
- Hydrocarbons (lipids)
- Precursor of vitamin A

A

Carotenes

42
Q

Pigment Example.
Red pigment found in fruits of tomato, red peppers, and roses. Ex. Lycopene

A

Carotenes

43
Q

Pigments. Yellow (like carotenes but contain oxygen).
C40H56O2

A

Xanthophylls

44
Q

Pigment Example.
Yellow color change of leaves in autumn season. Ex. Lutein, Violaxanthin, Fucoxanthin

A

Xanthophylls

45
Q

Pigments. Proteinaceous pigments, soluble in water, and do not contain Mg and phytol tail.
Two forms:
- Phycocyanin in cyanobacteria
- Phycoerythrin in rhodophycean algae (red algae)

A

Phycobilins

46
Q
A

12 Q2 (13 decks)

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