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G12 CLASSES > GEN BIO NEW LESSON 1 > Flashcards

GEN BIO NEW LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

most important distinction among groups of living things

A

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

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2
Q

Deriving from the name itself, eu means “” while karyon means “” and pro means “_”

A

TRUE
NUCLEUS
BEFORE

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3
Q

chromosomes are enclosed inside the nucleus

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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4
Q

while prokaryotes’ DNA is found in a region called the nucleoid, which has no membrane

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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5
Q

a semi-rigid cell wall is present and membrane-bound organelles with specialized functions are absent

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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6
Q

get the energy they need to grow and maintain normal cellular function through cellular respiration.

A

EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

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7
Q

Cellular respiration has three main stages:

A

GLYCOLYSIS, THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE, AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT

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8
Q

cellular respiration reactions take place within the mitochondria

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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9
Q

cellular respiration occur in the cytoplasm and/or within the cell membrane

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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10
Q

Cells contain _ and _

A

DNA & RNA

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11
Q

the genetic information necessary for directing cellular activities

A

DNA and RNA

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12
Q

DNA and RNA are molecules known as _.

A

nucleic acids

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13
Q

are unicellular or single-celled organisms are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on Earth.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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14
Q

They are much simpler in cellular structure

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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15
Q

may occur singly, in pairs, chains, cluster, aggregates, or colonies.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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16
Q

are extremely microscopic ranging from 1-10 µm in diameter

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

17
Q

include bacteria and archaeans. Some species are rod- shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci), spiral, etc.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

18
Q

can live in environments that would deadly to most other organisms. They are able to live and thrive in various extreme habitats.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

19
Q

live in areas such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, swamps, wetlands, and even animal intestines.

A

ARCHAEANS

20
Q

Archaeans live in areas such as _, _, _, _, and even _.

A

HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, HOT SPRINGS, SWAMPS, WETLANDS, ANIMAL INTESTINES

21
Q

Scientist have estimated that about _ of all the cells in the body are bacteria.

A

95%

22
Q

The vast majority of these microbes can be found within the _

A

DIGESTIVE TRACT

23
Q

_ are beneficial bacteria that are found in _.

A

PROBIOTICS, DAIRY PRODUCTS

24
Q

They converts sugars such lactose into _ which aid in better _ and even acts as _.

A

LACTIC ACID, DIGESTION, THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION

25
Q

The single bacterial DNA molecule is not separated from the rest of the cell but coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called the _

A

NUCLEIC REGION

26
Q

_ contains a few organelles (_) and none that are bound by a membrane.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS
RIBOSOMES

27
Q

replicate by a process called binary fission.

A

MOST PROKARYOTIC CELLS

28
Q

This is a type of cloning process in which two identical cells are derived from a single cell

A

BINARY FISSION

29
Q

All multicellular organisms, including humans, are composed of complex or many cells are examples of _.

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

30
Q

Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are the members of _

A

EUKARYOTIC LIVING CELLS

31
Q

that are 10-100 µm in diameter

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

32
Q

have varying features in terms of composition, structure, and function of their cell organelles. For example, fungal cell is different from a plant cell in many aspects

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

33
Q

Eukaryotic grow and reproduce through a process called _

A

MITOSIS

34
Q

The reproductive cells are produced by a type of cell division called _.

A

MEIOSIS

35
Q

Human cells contain _ pairs of chromosomes (for a total of _). There are _ pairs of autosomes (non sex chromosomes) and _ of sex chromosomes. The _ and _ sex chromosomes determine sex

A

23, 46, 22, one pair, X&Y

36
Q

1ST TABLE

A

PROKARYOTES

Bacteria and Cyanobacteria

Absent

Loop of DNA in the cytoplasm

Both synthesized in the same compartment

No cytoskeleton, very few organelles present

EUKARYOTES

Protist(algae, amoeba), fungi(yeasts, molds), plants and animals

Present

Thin, very long DNA organized into chromosomes in the nucleus

RNA synthesized in the nucleus while protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton present, many organelles. present

Mainly unicellular

Mainly sexual (mitosis and meiosis)

37
Q

2ND TABLE

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL
YES
YES
NO
ONE LONG DNA STRAND
YES, SIMPLE
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES

TYPICAL ANIMAL EUKARYOTIC CELL
YES
NO
YES
MANY
YES, COMPLEX
YES (SOME EXCEPTIONS)
YES
COMMON
YES
YES
COMMON
YES

G12 CLASSES (23 decks)

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