GEN BIO NEW LESSON 1 Flashcards
most important distinction among groups of living things
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
Deriving from the name itself, eu means “” while karyon means “” and pro means “_”
TRUE
NUCLEUS
BEFORE
chromosomes are enclosed inside the nucleus
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
while prokaryotes’ DNA is found in a region called the nucleoid, which has no membrane
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
a semi-rigid cell wall is present and membrane-bound organelles with specialized functions are absent
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
get the energy they need to grow and maintain normal cellular function through cellular respiration.
EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS
Cellular respiration has three main stages:
GLYCOLYSIS, THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE, AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT
cellular respiration reactions take place within the mitochondria
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
cellular respiration occur in the cytoplasm and/or within the cell membrane
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Cells contain _ and _
DNA & RNA
the genetic information necessary for directing cellular activities
DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA are molecules known as _.
nucleic acids
are unicellular or single-celled organisms are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on Earth.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
They are much simpler in cellular structure
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
may occur singly, in pairs, chains, cluster, aggregates, or colonies.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
are extremely microscopic ranging from 1-10 µm in diameter
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
include bacteria and archaeans. Some species are rod- shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci), spiral, etc.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
can live in environments that would deadly to most other organisms. They are able to live and thrive in various extreme habitats.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
live in areas such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, swamps, wetlands, and even animal intestines.
ARCHAEANS
Archaeans live in areas such as _, _, _, _, and even _.
HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, HOT SPRINGS, SWAMPS, WETLANDS, ANIMAL INTESTINES
Scientist have estimated that about _ of all the cells in the body are bacteria.
95%
The vast majority of these microbes can be found within the _
DIGESTIVE TRACT
_ are beneficial bacteria that are found in _.
PROBIOTICS, DAIRY PRODUCTS
They converts sugars such lactose into _ which aid in better _ and even acts as _.
LACTIC ACID, DIGESTION, THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
The single bacterial DNA molecule is not separated from the rest of the cell but coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called the _
NUCLEIC REGION
_ contains a few organelles (_) and none that are bound by a membrane.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
RIBOSOMES
replicate by a process called binary fission.
MOST PROKARYOTIC CELLS
This is a type of cloning process in which two identical cells are derived from a single cell
BINARY FISSION
All multicellular organisms, including humans, are composed of complex or many cells are examples of _.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are the members of _
EUKARYOTIC LIVING CELLS
that are 10-100 µm in diameter
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
have varying features in terms of composition, structure, and function of their cell organelles. For example, fungal cell is different from a plant cell in many aspects
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Eukaryotic grow and reproduce through a process called _
MITOSIS
The reproductive cells are produced by a type of cell division called _.
MEIOSIS
Human cells contain _ pairs of chromosomes (for a total of _). There are _ pairs of autosomes (non sex chromosomes) and _ of sex chromosomes. The _ and _ sex chromosomes determine sex
23, 46, 22, one pair, X&Y
1ST TABLE
PROKARYOTES
Bacteria and Cyanobacteria
Absent
Loop of DNA in the cytoplasm
Both synthesized in the same compartment
No cytoskeleton, very few organelles present
EUKARYOTES
Protist(algae, amoeba), fungi(yeasts, molds), plants and animals
Present
Thin, very long DNA organized into chromosomes in the nucleus
RNA synthesized in the nucleus while protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton present, many organelles. present
Mainly unicellular
Mainly sexual (mitosis and meiosis)
2ND TABLE
PROKARYOTIC CELL
YES
YES
NO
ONE LONG DNA STRAND
YES, SIMPLE
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
TYPICAL ANIMAL EUKARYOTIC CELL
YES
NO
YES
MANY
YES, COMPLEX
YES (SOME EXCEPTIONS)
YES
COMMON
YES
YES
COMMON
YES
