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NBS Gen Anatomy > Gen Anatomy endocrine system 5% > Flashcards

Gen Anatomy endocrine system 5% Flashcards

1
Q

What is the size of the pituitary “hypophysis”?

A

size of a pea

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2
Q

Where is the pituitary located?

A

bottom of the hypothalamus, base of the brain

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3
Q

In what bone does the pituitary lay?

A

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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4
Q

What covers the pituitary?

A

dural fold ( diaphragma sella)

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5
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland?

A

Thyroid

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6
Q

Where is the thyroid located?

A

Inferior to thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple), at the level of the cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What hormones does the thyroid produce?

A

T3, T4, and calcitonin

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8
Q

What controls the thyroid?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary

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9
Q

Where is the parathyroid located?

A

behind the thyroid

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10
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

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11
Q

What does the parathyroid gland produce?

A

Parathormone

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12
Q

The adrenals are aka?

A

suprarenal glands

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13
Q

Where are the adrenals located?

A

atop each kidney

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14
Q

The medulla (neural crest) or the adrenals secretes what two hormones?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine (M.E.N.)

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15
Q

The cortex of the adrenals secretes what steroid hormones?

A
  1. Glucocorticoids
  2. Mineral corticoids
  3. Adrenocorticoids
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16
Q

What is a way to remember the steroid hormones secreted by the adrenals?

A
  1. Sweet - glucocorticoids
  2. Salty - mineral corticoids
  3. Sex - adrenocorticoids
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17
Q

What abdominal region(s) is the pancreas located?

A

In the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions of the abdomen (retroperitoneal except tail)

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18
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas located?

A

the concavity of duodenum

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19
Q

Where is the uncinate process of the pancreas located?

A

deep to superior mesenteric vessels

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20
Q

Where is the body of the pancreas located?

A

behind the stomach

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21
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas located?

A

left end of pancreas- contacts spleen

22
Q

Which of the following has ducts?

a. exocrine glands
b. endocrine glands

A

a. exocrine glands

23
Q

Which of the following doesn’t have ducts?

a. exocrine glands
b. endocrine glands

A

b. endocrine glands

24
Q

What ENZYMES does the head of the pancreas produce?

A
  1. amylase
  2. chymotrypsin
  3. carboxypeptidase
  4. lipase
  5. trypsin
25
Q 
What cells are in the head of the pancreas?
a. Alpha cells
b. Beta cells
c. acinar cells
d pancnitic cells
A

c. acinar cells

26
Q

What HORMONES are produced by the tail of the pancreas?

A
  1. Insulin

2. Glucagon

27
Q 
What cells of the pancreas secrete Insulin in the tail of the pancreas?
a. Alpha cells
b. Beta cells
c. acinar cells
d pancnitic cells
A

b. BETA cells

28
Q 
What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon in the tail of the pancreas?
a. Alpha cells
b. Beta cells
c. acinar cells
d pancnitic cells
A

a. ALPHA cells

29
Q

what is the pineal gland aka?

A
  1. pineal body

2. epiphysis cerebri

30
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

near center of brain between two hemispheres

31
Q

What does the pineal gland produce?

A

melatonin

32
Q

What is it called when there is calcification of the pineal gland?

A

brain sand

33
Q

Where is the location of the thymus?

A

anterior superior mediastinum

34
Q

What is the function of the thymus?

A

“teaches” T-lymphocytes (immune system) to recognize self

35
Q

What is the outer cortex of the thymus packed with?

A

maturing T cells

36
Q

Where in the thymus are the degenerative thymic corpuscles (Hassall’s)?

A

inner medulla

37
Q

The subclavian drains into?

A

axillary

38
Q

what are the three veins that drain into axillary?

A
  1. basilic
  2. brachial
  3. cephalic
39
Q

What is the major vein that drains into the femoral?

A

great saphenous

40
Q

What does the small saphenous drain inot?

A

Popliteal

41
Q

What surrounds the entire muscle?

a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium

A

a. epimysium

42
Q

What surrounds the muscle fascicles (bundles)?

a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium

A

c. perimysium

43
Q

What surrounds the muscle fiber?

a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium

A

d. endomysium

44
Q

What surrounds the entire nerve?

a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium

A

b. epineurium

45
Q

What surrounds the nerve fascicles (bundles)?

a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium

A

e. perineurium

46
Q

What surrounds the nerve fiber?

a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium

A

f. endoneurium

47
Q

What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel wall?

a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna

A

a Tunica Adventita

48
Q

What is the middle layer of a blood vessel?

a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna

A

b. Tunical media

49
Q

What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna

A

c. Tunica Interna

50
Q

what layer of the blood vessel is ragulated by vasomotor fibers & can cause vasoconstriction and vasodialation?

a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna

A

b. Tuica media

51
Q

What layer of a blood vessel anchors surrounding structures, has nerve fibers & lymphatic vessels and tiny blood vessels aka vasa vasorum?

a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna

A

a. Tunica Adventitia

52
Q

What layer of the blood vessel has two layers: a thin endothelium and basement membrane- which reduces friction as blood moves through the vessel?

a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna

A

c. Tunica interna (tunica intima)

NBS Gen Anatomy (9 decks)

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