Gen Anatomy endocrine system 5% Flashcards
What is the size of the pituitary “hypophysis”?
size of a pea
Where is the pituitary located?
bottom of the hypothalamus, base of the brain
In what bone does the pituitary lay?
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
What covers the pituitary?
dural fold ( diaphragma sella)
What is the largest endocrine gland?
Thyroid
Where is the thyroid located?
Inferior to thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple), at the level of the cricoid cartilage
What hormones does the thyroid produce?
T3, T4, and calcitonin
What controls the thyroid?
hypothalamus and pituitary
Where is the parathyroid located?
behind the thyroid
How many parathyroid glands are there?
4
What does the parathyroid gland produce?
Parathormone
The adrenals are aka?
suprarenal glands
Where are the adrenals located?
atop each kidney
The medulla (neural crest) or the adrenals secretes what two hormones?
epinephrine and norepinephrine (M.E.N.)
The cortex of the adrenals secretes what steroid hormones?
- Glucocorticoids
- Mineral corticoids
- Adrenocorticoids
What is a way to remember the steroid hormones secreted by the adrenals?
- Sweet - glucocorticoids
- Salty - mineral corticoids
- Sex - adrenocorticoids
What abdominal region(s) is the pancreas located?
In the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions of the abdomen (retroperitoneal except tail)
Where is the head of the pancreas located?
the concavity of duodenum
Where is the uncinate process of the pancreas located?
deep to superior mesenteric vessels
Where is the body of the pancreas located?
behind the stomach
Where is the tail of the pancreas located?
left end of pancreas- contacts spleen
Which of the following has ducts?
a. exocrine glands
b. endocrine glands
a. exocrine glands
Which of the following doesn’t have ducts?
a. exocrine glands
b. endocrine glands
b. endocrine glands
What ENZYMES does the head of the pancreas produce?
- amylase
- chymotrypsin
- carboxypeptidase
- lipase
- trypsin
What cells are in the head of the pancreas? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. acinar cells d pancnitic cells
c. acinar cells
What HORMONES are produced by the tail of the pancreas?
- Insulin
2. Glucagon
What cells of the pancreas secrete Insulin in the tail of the pancreas? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. acinar cells d pancnitic cells
b. BETA cells
What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon in the tail of the pancreas? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. acinar cells d pancnitic cells
a. ALPHA cells
what is the pineal gland aka?
- pineal body
2. epiphysis cerebri
Where is the pineal gland located?
near center of brain between two hemispheres
What does the pineal gland produce?
melatonin
What is it called when there is calcification of the pineal gland?
brain sand
Where is the location of the thymus?
anterior superior mediastinum
What is the function of the thymus?
“teaches” T-lymphocytes (immune system) to recognize self
What is the outer cortex of the thymus packed with?
maturing T cells
Where in the thymus are the degenerative thymic corpuscles (Hassall’s)?
inner medulla
The subclavian drains into?
axillary
what are the three veins that drain into axillary?
- basilic
- brachial
- cephalic
What is the major vein that drains into the femoral?
great saphenous
What does the small saphenous drain inot?
Popliteal
What surrounds the entire muscle?
a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium
a. epimysium
What surrounds the muscle fascicles (bundles)?
a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium
c. perimysium
What surrounds the muscle fiber?
a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium
d. endomysium
What surrounds the entire nerve?
a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium
b. epineurium
What surrounds the nerve fascicles (bundles)?
a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium
e. perineurium
What surrounds the nerve fiber?
a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. endomysium
e. perineurium
f. endoneurium
f. endoneurium
What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel wall?
a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna
a Tunica Adventita
What is the middle layer of a blood vessel?
a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna
b. Tunical media
What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna
c. Tunica Interna
what layer of the blood vessel is ragulated by vasomotor fibers & can cause vasoconstriction and vasodialation?
a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna
b. Tuica media
What layer of a blood vessel anchors surrounding structures, has nerve fibers & lymphatic vessels and tiny blood vessels aka vasa vasorum?
a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna
a. Tunica Adventitia
What layer of the blood vessel has two layers: a thin endothelium and basement membrane- which reduces friction as blood moves through the vessel?
a. Tunica Advenitia
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica Interna
c. Tunica interna (tunica intima)
