GEHART CHAPTER 4 - STRATEGIC Flashcards
REFRAMING
FINDING AN ALTERNATIVE YET EQUALLY PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR THE SAME SET OF FACTS
-“NEWS THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE”
CIRCULAR QUESTIONS
TECHNIQUE FOR MORE THAN ONE PERSON IN A ROOM
- HELPS TO ASSESS AND MAKE CLEAR THE OVERALL DYNAMICS AND INTERACTIVE PATTERNS IN THE SYSTEM
- TRIES TO CREATE OR MAXIMIZE DIFFERENCES AND THEN DRAWING CONNECTIONS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE INFORMATION THAT FRAMES PROBLEMS IN NEW WAYS
- P.86
TYPES OF CIRCULAR QUESTIONING
BEHAVIORAL SEQUENCE:
-TRACE THE ENTIRE SEQUENCE OF A PROBLEM FROM START TO BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS
BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCE:
-USED WHEN A CL LABELS OTHERS AND ASSUMES A PARTICULAR BEHAVIOR IS PART OF A PERSON’S PERSONALITY
COMPARISON AND RANKING:
-USED TO REDUCE LABELING AND OTHER RIGID DESCRIPTIONS IN THE FAMILY
BEFORE AND AFTER QUESTIONS:
-USED TO ASSESS HOW A SPECIFIC EVENT AFFECTED THE FAMILY DYNAMIC
HYPOTHETICAL CIRCULAR QUESTIONS:
-OFFER A SCENARIO AND HAVE FAMILY MEMBERS DESCRIBE HOW EACH WOULD LIKELY RESPOND
DIRECTIVES
DIRECTIONS FOR A FAMILY TO COMPLETE A TASK . TASK MIGHT NOT BE LOGICAL BUT INSTEAD IS MEANT TO PERTURB THE SYSTEMS INTERACTION PATTERNS TO CREATE NEW INTERACTIONS.
-GETS PEOPLE OUT OF THEIR USUAL PATTERNS WITH THE SMALLEST CHANGE POSSIBLE.
IPscope
A WAY TO IDENTIFY INTERPERSONAL PATTERNS (IP) BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PEOPLE.
PATTERNS ARE RECURRENT AND RELATIVELY STABLE, MUTUALLY REINFORCING, COMPLEMENTARY.
STRATEGIC THERAPY VIEW OF THE PRESENTING PROBLEM
CO’S DO NOT SEE THE PROBLEM AS AN INDIVIDUAL PROBLEM, INSTEAD AS A RELATIONAL ONE - SPECIFICALLY AN INTERACTIONAL PROBLEM
PROCESS OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY
- ASSES THE INTERACTIONAL SEQUENCE AND ASSOCIATED MEANINGS
- INTERVENE BY INTERRUPTING THE INTERACTIONAL SEQUENCE (USE REFRAMING OR A TASK)
- EVALUATE OUTCOME AND CLIENT RESPONSE (TO DESIGN THE NEXT INTERVENTION)
- INTERRUPT THE NEW PATTERN
THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP FOR A SYSTEMIC CO
- SYSTEMIC CO’S RESPECT THE FAMILY AS A SYSTEM
- SYMPTOMS ARE BY-PRODUCTS OF FAMILY INTERACTIONAL SEQUENCES NOT INDICATORS OF INDIVIDUAL PATHOLOGY.
- ADAPT TO CL LANGUAGE AND VIEWPOINT
- CO IS NEUTRAL
NEUTRALITY OF THE COUNSELOR
- BEING NONPARTIAL TOWARD PARTICULAR FAMILY MEMBERS OR PROBLEM DESCRIPTIONS
- BEING MULITPARTIAL BY HONORING ALL PERSPECTIVES
- NOT BEING ATTACHED TO PARTICULAR MEANINGS, DESCRIPTIONS, OR OUTCOMES
IRREVERENCE OF THE COUNSELOR
THE CO IS NOT AFRAID OF THE PROBLEM, THE APPEARANCE OF A PROBLEM CAN BE DECEIVING BECAUSE THE PROBLEMS ARE CONNECTED TO THE RELATIONAL AND BROADER SOCIAL CONTEXT
MANEUVERABILITY OF THE COUNSELOR
CO’S FREEDOM TO USE PERSONAL JUDGEMENT IN DEFINING THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
- EXPERT OR ONE-DOWN POSITION
- DISTANT OR EMOTIONALLY ENGAGED
- ATTUNED TO WHATEVER ROLE IS MOST BENEFICIAL TO THE FAMILY
ONE-DOWN STANCE
ALSO KNOWN AS HELPLESSNESS
- USED TO INCREASE CL MOTIVATION - OFTEN PARADOXICALLY
- WHEN CO TAKES A HOPELESS STANCE, CL IS MOTIVATED TO FIND HOPE
- BASED ON SYSTEMIC BALANCE (IF ONE PERSON IS HOPELESS, THE OTHER PERSON IS COMPELLED TO BE HOPEFUL TO MAINTAIN BALANCE)
ALSO, THE CO SHOWS RESPECT TO THE FAMILY SYSTEM (THEIR POWER AND WAYS), RECOGNIZING THERE ARE THINGS THE CO CANNOT CONTROL.
SOCIAL COURTESY
CO ENSURES EVERYONE HAS BEEN GREETED, ASSESSES INTERACTIONS AND MOODS, TALKS ABOUT WEATHER OR TRAFFIC TO MAKE CL’S COMFORTABLE
COLLABORATION
USE REFLEXIVE QUESTIONS TO HELP CL SELF-HEALING.
-CO AND CL CO-CREATE NEW MEANINGS AND ACTIONS
FINDING INTERACTIONAL PATTERNS
EXAMPLE OF A YELLOW STRING BEING HELD BY A FAMILY WHILE THEY DANCE. WATCH THE STRING TO SEE THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MEMBERS.
- FOCUS LESS ON CONTENT OF CONVERSATION AND MORE ON METACOMMUNICATION AND INTERACTIONS.
- INTERRUPT THE NEGATIVE INTERACTION PATTERNS
IDENTIFYING THE INTERACTIONAL SEQUENCE
- HOMEOSTASIS - TELL ME WHAT THINGS RE LIKE WHEN THINGS FEEL NORMAL OR OK. WHAT ARE THINGS LIKE BEFORE TENSION STARTS?
- START OF TENSION - TELL ME HOW THINGS USUALLY BEGIN? WHO DOES WHAT AND HOW DO OTHERS RESPOND?
- ESCALATION AND SYMPTOM - DESCRIBE THE ESCALATION THAT LEADS TO [PROBLEM]. WHO DOES WHAT, HOW DO OTHERS RESPOND?
- RETURN TO HOMEOSTASIS - DESCRIBE HOW THINGS GET BACK TO NORMAL.
“MORE OF THE SAME” SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS THAT PERPETUATE THE PROBLEM
AFTER FINDING THE “ATTEMPTED SOLUTION” AND THE LOGIC BEHIND IT, CO IDENTIFIES A BEHAVIOR THAT REPRESENTS A 180 DEGREE SHIFT IN LOGIC
TYRANNY OF LINGUISTICS
BE MINDFUL HOW LANGUAGE, PARTICULARLY DESCRIPTIONS OF SELF AND OTHERS, SHAPE LIVED REALITY.
-DESCRIBE A PERSON’S ACTION - I “DO” DEPRESSION, “DOING” ANGER.
5 WAYS TO VIEW A PROBLEM - STRATEGIC CONCEPTUALIZATION
INVOLUNTARY VS VOLUNTARY -
HELPLESSNESS VS POWER
METAPHORICAL VS LITERAL
HIERARCHY VS EQUALITY
HOSTILITY VS LOVE
STRATEGIC HUMANISM
INCREASE A FAMILY’S ABILITY TO LOVE AND NURTURE INSTEAD OF DOMINATE AND CONTROL
TARGETING CHANGE
- GOAL IS FOR FAMILY TO HAVE SYMPTOM-FREE INTERACTION PATTERNS
- NO PREDETERMINED DEFINITION OF HEALTHY FUNCTIONING
- FAMILY WILL FIND A NEW FUNCTIONAL, SYMPTOM-FREE INTERACTION PATTERN IN RESPONSE TO DISRUPTIONS INTRODUCED BY THE CO.
4 STEPS TO CREATING GOALS
- DEFINE THE PROBLEM - USE CONCRETE, BEHAVIORAL TERMS TO DESCRIBE ACTIONS AND REACTIONS OF ALL INVOLVED
- IDENTIFY ATTEMPTED SOLUTIONS
- DESCRIBE THE DESIRED BEHAVIORAL CHANGE - REALISTIC, SPECIFIC, TIME-LIMITED
- DEVELOP A PLAN
- TARGET OF CHANGE IS THE ATTEMPTED SOLUTION
- TACTIC OF CHANGE IS TO USE CL’S OWN LANGUAGE TO SPEAK DIRECTLY TO CL’S VIEW OF REALITY
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
SYSTEMIC REFRAMING
FINDING AN ALTERNATIVE YET EQUALLY PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR THE SAME SET OF FACTS
-“NEWS THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE”
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
THE HYPOTHESIZING PROCESS
- HYPOTHESIZING FOR CONCEPTUALIZATION: BEHIND THE MIRROR PROCESS OF DEVELOPING AND REVISING HYPOTHESES USED TO GUIDE THEIR “VIEWING” AND PROVIDE AN OVERALL FOCUS AND DIRECTION FOR THERAPY
- HYPOTHESIZING AS INTERVENTION: IF IT WILL HELP THE FAMILY, THE DEVELOPED BEHIND THE MIRROR HYPOTHESIS IS REVEALED TO THE FAMILY AS AN IN-SESSION INTERVENTION
- HYPOTHESES ABOUT ALLIANCES
- HYPOTHESES ABOUT MYTHS AND PREMISES
- HYPOTHESES THAT ANALYZE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
POSITIVE CONNOTATION
USED TO SHOW RESPECT TO THE FAMILY’S FEAR OF CHANGE AND THEIR REQUEST FOR CHANGE.
-INTERPRET THE BEHAVIOR OF FAMILY POSITIVELY, AS HAVING AN UNDERLYING BENEVOLENT MOTIVATION.
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
THERAPEUTIC DOUBLE BIND AND COUNTERPARADOX
USED TO THERAPEUTICALLY RESPOND TO A DOUBLE-BIND MESSAGE IN A SYSTEM.
-IN A THERAPEUTIC DOUBLE-BIND THE IDEA IS THAT NO MATTER WHAT YOU DO, YOU DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT, SOMETHING THAT MOVES YOU IN A NEW DIRECTION
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
INVARIANT PRESCRIPTIONS
AN INTERVENTION NOT VARIED ACROSS FAMILIES
- USED TO SEVER A COVERT COALITION BETWEEN A PARENT AND A CHILD
- EFFECTIVE FOR PARENTS WHO OVEREMPHASIZE TRANSPARENT AND OPEN COMMUNICATION WITH THEIR CHILDREN WHO IN TURN USE IT TO MANIPULATE THE PARENTS.
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
DANGERS OF IMPROVEMENT
IDENTIFY WHAT PROBLEMS COULD POTENTIALLY SURFACE IF THE PRESENTING PROBLEM WAS RESOLVED
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
RESTRAINING, GOING SLOW
CO’S WARN CLIENTS TO AVOID CHANGING TOO FAST AND ENCOURAGED THEM TO TAKE IT SLOW.
-SIMILAR TO A THERAPEUTIC DOUBLE-BIND IN THAT EITHER WAY THE CHANGE PROCESS IS SUPPORTED AND IMMUNIZED AGAINST SETBACKS.
SYSTEMIC LANGUAGE BASED INTERVENTION:
DECONSTRUCTIVE TIPs
ASKING CL’S QUESTIONS THAT ENCOURAGED THEM TO RECONSIDER THEIR ASSUMPTIONS RELATED TO THE PROBLEM.
SYSTEMIC ACTION-ORIENTED INTERVENTION:
INDIRECT DIRECTIVES
INDIRECT - USED WHEN THERAPIST IS LESS WELL ACCEPTED AS EXPERT
PARADOXICAL INTERVENTIONS (SYMPTOM PRESCRIPTION) - DO NOT FOLLOW LINEAR LOGIC -"I WANT YOU TO BE DEPRESSED PRECISELY AT 415 PM."
METAPHORICAL TASKS - USED WHEN A PROBLEM CANNOT DIRECTLY/EXPLICITLY ADDRESSED
- CO IDENTIFIES AN AREA IN CL’S LIFE WITH SIMILAR DYNAMICS TO THOSE THE CO WANTS TO CHANGE
- CO USES STORY OR CONVERSATION
- CO TAKES A POSITION ABOUT HOW THINGS SHOULD CHANGE IN THE METAPHORIC AREA
- A TASK IS ASSIGNED IN THE METAPHORIC AREA
SYSTEMIC ACTION-ORIENTED INTERVENTION:
STRAIGHTFORWARD DIRECTIVE
STRAIGHTFORWARD - USED WHEN THERAPIST HAS INFLUENCE WITHIN FAMILY; VIEWED AS EXPERT
- CHANGE THE WAY A FAMILY INTERACTS BY INTRODUCING NEW ACTION
- DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT; ALTER BEHAVIORAL SEQUENCE
- STOP A BEHAVIOR (RARELY USED)
- GOOD ADVICE; PSYCHOEDUCATION (RARELY USED)
- ASSESS THE SITUATION
- TARGET A SMALL SEQUENCE CHANGE
- MOTIVATE THE FAMILY
- GIVE PRECISE DOABLE INSTRUCTIONS
- REVIEW THE TASK
- REQUEST A TASK REPORT (DID THEY DO IT?)
SYSTEMIC ACTION-ORIENTED INTERVENTION:
PRETEND TECHNIQUES
FAKE IT TIL YOU MAKE IT
CL “PRETEND” THEY REACH THEIR GOALS FOR A CERTAIN ABOUT OF TIME (FROM MINUTES TO DAYS) TO HELP MAKE THEIR DESIRED CHANGES
SYSTEMIC ACTION-ORIENTED INTERVENTION:
ORDEALS
INSTEAD OF A LINEAR, LOGICAL APPROACH TO STOPPING A BEHAVIOR, THE CO ALLOWS THE SYMPTOM WITH A TWIST
- CLIENT MUST COMPLETE ANOTHER TASK (ORDEAL) BEFORE OR AFTER THE SYMPTOM
THE ORDEAL MIGHT BE A LOGICAL/LINEAR WAY TO TARGET THE BEHAVIOR
SYSTEMIC ACTION-ORIENTED INTERVENTION:
CONSTRUCTIVE TRANSFORMING INTERPERSONAL PATTERNS (TIPs)
COLLABORATE TO IDENTIFY AND ENACT HIPs AND WIPs
-LISTEN CAREFULLY TO WHAT CLIENTS SAY SPONTANEOUSLY AND DIRECTLY ASK CLIENTS FOR THEIR THOUGHTS
SYSTEMIC ACTION-ORIENTED INTERVENTION:
INTERNALIZED-OTHER INTERVIEWING
SYSTEMIC VERSION OF THE GESTALT EMPTY CHAIR TECHNIQUE
USED TO HELP CLs DEVELOP A MORE RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENTING PROBLEM AND HELP IN GENERATING HIPs
