Gehart Ch. 2 Flashcards
Systems Theory
A set of mid-20th century theories from which family therapy emerged
Postmodernism
Became a major influence of family therapy beginning in the late 20th century. Focuses on the construction of meaning at linguistic, individual, relational, and societal levels
The Macy Conferences
A series of conferences in the 1940s which gave birth to general systems theory and cybernetic systems theory
Gregory Bateson
British anthropologist and key figure (along with his then-wife Margaret Mead) in the Macy Conferences. Helped to develop the double-blind theory of schizophrenia
Heinz von Foerster
Austrian-born systems theorist who studied physics before developing before focusing on cybernetics and developing radical constructivism, a postmodern theory that describes how an individual constructs reality
Milton Erickson
Psychiatrist, therapist, hypnotist, and a key figure in the development of solution-based therapies
Bradford Keeney
Family therapist and student of Gregory Bateson who has studied second-order cybernetics, which acknowledges the impact of the observer (or therapist) on what is observed. In his more recent anthropological work, he has studied shamanism and the cybernetic worldviews of indigenous cultures, notably the Kalahari Bushmen. He also developed improvisational therapy and resource-focused therapy, a strengths-based, systemic approach
Von Bertalanffy
Austrian biologist and key figure in the emergence of general systems theory, which was one of the foundational theories discussed at the Macy Conferences
3 Major Concepts of General Systems Theory
1) The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
2) Systems can be viewed in terms of hierarchy, executive organization, and subsystems.
3) Systems strive toward self-preservation and therefore its members work in service of the system as well as themselves.
Open Systems vs. Closed Systems
Open systems regularly interact with the environment and other systems. Closed systems do not.
Entropy vs. Negative Entropy (or Negentropy)
Entropy is the natural process by which systems breakdown and become more chaotic. System therapists strive to foster negative entropy (or negentropy), which involves a healthy balance between being open and closed.
Equifinality
A single end state can have many possible causes.
Equipotentiality
A single cause can have many potential outcomes.
Circular Causality
How each member in a system affects others, mutually influencing the others’ behavior and (often) creating a recursive pattern that repeats over and over.
Cybernetic Theory
Describes how systems maintain balance or homeostasis through self-correction. Anthropologist Gregory Bateson pioneered the study of social systems using cybernetic theory, which has had the most influence on the field of family therapy.
Homeostasis
A state of dynamic (not static) equilibrium.
Morphogenesis
How a system can adapt and change its internal structure
Morphostasis
How a system resists changing its internal structure