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GE3 huhu Flashcards

1
Q

Usually pertains to the integration of national markets to a wider global market signified by an increase in free trade.

A

Globalization

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2
Q

Refers to the act of opposing trade deals among countries facilitated and promoted by international organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO).

A

Anti-globalization

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3
Q

Focus on the discovery of the existence of the world and its composition. “cosmocentric period”

A

Ancient Period

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4
Q

Focus on God and the Church as the source and pinnacle of intellectual discussion and development. “theocentric period”

A

Medieval Period

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5
Q

focuses on man as the center of all intellectual discussion. “anthropocentric period”

A

Modern Period

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6
Q

focus on the society and everything around it. “Holistic period”

A

Contemporary Period

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6
Q

“the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space”

A

Globalization

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7
Q

Who said that Globalism, seeks to describe nothing more than a world which is characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances. It attempts to understand all the inter-connections of the modern world.

A

John F. Kennedy

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8
Q

Who said that Globalization is the expansion and intensification of social relation and consciousness across world-space and world time.

A

Manfred Steger

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9
Q

refers to “both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries.”

A

Expansion

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10
Q

Refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of these networks. Not only are global connections multiplying, but they are also becoming more closely-knit and expanding their reach.

A

Intensification

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10
Q

It is crucial to insist that “ _________ ” as a process refers to a larger phenomenon that cannot simply be reduced to the ways in which global markets have integrated

A

“globalization”

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11
Q

_______multiple globalizations. _________ central thrust of viewing globalization through various lenses

A

Appadurai’s

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12
Q

For anthropologist _________ , different kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration which he calls “scapes.”

A

Arjun Appadurai

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12
Q

Some scholars have found it simpler to avoid talking about globalization as a whole. Instead, they want to discuss “__________ ,” not just one process.

A

“multiple globalizations,”

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13
Q

Ethnoscape

A

Refers to the global movement of people.

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14
Q

Is about the flow of culture

A

Mediascape

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15
Q

Denotes the global circulation of money

A

Financescape

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15
Q

Refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software

A

Technoscape

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16
Q

Is the realm wherein political ideas move around

A

Ideoscape

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17
Q

IMF meaning

A

International Monetary Fund

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18
Q

Regards “economic globalization” as a historical process representing the result of human innovation and technological progress.

A

International Monetary Fund

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19
Q

Its role is to reduce poverty by lending money to the governments of its poorer members so that they can improve their economies and the standard of living of their people.

A

The World Bank

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20
Q

Is an international development organization owned by 189 countries.

A

The World Bank

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21
Q

Is the oldest known international trade route.

A

Silk Road

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22
Q

It had a network of routes that connected different parts of the ancient world from China to what is the Middle East today and to Europe.

A

Silk Road

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23
Q

It was considered international, it was not exactly “global”, as it did not include routes to the American continents, thus, this results in the question: “when did full economic globalization start?”

A

Silk Road

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24
Q

was a global trade system that had multiple restrictions.

A

Mercantilism

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25
Q

________ took place during the age of mercantilism.

A

The Galleon trade

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26
Q

Year that Establishment of the galleon trade that connected Manila in the Philippines and were directly connected to Asian trading routes.

A

1571

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27
Q

made the trade easier but nonetheless an extremely limiting system because it required governments to back their currencies with set gold reserves.

A
  • Gold standard
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28
Q

which significantly depleted government resources, which led to the difficulty of going back to a pure standard.

A

Great Depression

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28
Q

Claimed that government’s practice of injecting cash into their economies has caused inflation by increasing demands for goods without necessarily increasing supply.

A

Milton Friedman & Friedrich Hayek

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29
Q

creation of new networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural and geographic boundaries.

A

Expansion

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30
Q

the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of global networks. Going deeper into the connection between nations by creating agreements and friendship.

A

Intensification

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31
Q

a state or nation befriend other state or nation which gradually result to a more concrete and stabilize relationship.

A

Social relation

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32
Q

awareness and knowledge of the capabilities and strategies of other state or nation in order to protect his/her own.

A

Social Consciousness

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33
Q

no boundaries and can be given to other state or nation, allies or not.

A

World-space

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34
Q

no time limit, globalization happens 24 hours a day and seven days a week.

A

World-time

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35
Q

What are the 5 major scapes

A

Ethnoscape
Ideoscape
Mediascape
Technoscape
Financescape

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36
Q

refers to people that move around in the world, as well as the ideas that move with them, and the impact such motion has.

A

Ethnoscape

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37
Q

refers to the flow of ideas, particularly the political ideas.

A

Ideoscape

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38
Q

refers to the flow of media across borders and the flow of culture.

A

Mediascape

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39
Q

refers to the movement of all sorts of technology across worldwide boundaries.

A

Technoscape

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40
Q

refers to the flow of money across countries and nations

A

Financescape

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41
Q

is characterized by the increasing integration of economics around the world through the movement of goods, services, and capital across borders.

A

International Monetary Fund

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42
Q

allows countries to expand their markets for both goods and services that otherwise may not have been available domestically

A

International Trade

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42
Q

a trade road which connects each part of Asia; goods trading is between countries. It is the oldest international route.

A

Silk Road

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43
Q

the worst and the longest recession ever experienced by western world.

A

Great Depression

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44
Q

means the investments are moving all over the world at faster speeds

A

increased trade

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45
Q

argues that the recovery of the United States really began when, having abandoned the gold standard, the US government was able to free up money to spend on reviving the economy

A

Barry Eichengreen

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46
Q

currencies that are not backed by precious metals and whose value is determined by their cost relative to other currencies.

A

Fiat Currency

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47
Q

Two Financial Institutions

A

*International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, or World Bank)

*International Monetary Fund (IMF) –

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48
Q

the global lender to prevent individual countries from spiraling into credit crisis.

A

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

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48
Q

responsible for funding postwar reconstruction projects

A

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, or World Bank)

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49
Q

contemp0rily used to refer to market-oriented reform policies such as “eliminating price controls, deregulating capital markets, lower trade “barriers” and reducing state influence in the economy, especially through privatization and austerity.

A

Neoliberalism

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50
Q

Dominated the economic agenda and it was assumed that these stimulus policies would lick-start the recovery by replacing lower private spending and marshalling idle resources.

A

Keynesian Orthodoxy

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51
Q

is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

A

Inflation

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52
Q

is a prolonged annual stagnant growth, and is highlighted by periods of high unemployment period of little or no growth in an economy. Economic growth of less than 2% to 3% and involuntary part-time employment.

A

Stagflation

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53
Q

refers to the exploration and process of attainting deep interactions and collaboration with other states. It basically answers the “How Globalization is done”.

Interaction between states

A

Internationalization

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53
Q

a set of 10 economic policy prescription considered to constitute the standard reform package promoted for crisis-wracked developing

A

Washington Consensus

54
Q

the system used in internationalization in order to achieve international relation. Answers the “What, When and Where” of globalization.

A

Internationalism

55
Q

is a body of government.
It is what makes a country run from a political, practical standpoint

A

State

55
Q

is the goal of internationalization and globalization, in a sense. Primarily, the reason behind the act or it answers the question “Why” of globalization.

A

International relations

56
Q

A large body of people united by common history, culture or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory

A

Nation

57
Q

The idea that people of a nation are connected to each other is called ____

A

nationalism

58
Q

a geographic area belonging to or under the jurisdiction of a governmental authority. An administrative subdivision of a country.

A

Territory

59
Q

is the status of an individual due to which he enjoys civil and political rights in the state and is ready to fulfill his obligations.

A

Citizenship

60
Q

the institution in which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on all people living within the state

A

Government

61
Q

the legitimate and ultimate authority over a polity.

A

Sovereignty

62
Q

is a system of organization in which people with common identity live inside a country with firm borders and a single government, commonly called as COUNTRY.

A

Nation State

63
Q

a system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states, particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and people.

A

Internationalism

64
Q

Two broad categories:

A

Liberal Internationalism
Socialist Internationalism

65
Q

People do not want war. Instances come that war will exists but to prevent war, it is necessary to promote democratic political systems and the principle of self-determination.

A

Liberal Internationalism

66
Q

NOTABLE people in Liberal Internationalism

A
  • Immanuel Kant
  • Jeremy Bentham
  • Giuseppe Mazzini
67
Q

German philosopher and the first major thinker of Liberal Internationalism around the late 18th century. He wanted to establish a continuously growing state consisting of various nations which will ultimately include the nations of the world. He wanted a form of global environment.

A

Immanuel Kant

68
Q

British philosopher who coined the world international around 1780. Advocated the creation of “international law”. He believed that objective goal legislators should aim to propose legislation that would create “the greatest happiness of all nations taken together”

A

Jeremy Bentham

69
Q

An Italian patriot, and the first thinker to reconcile nationalism with liberal internationalism around the 19th century. Proposed a system of free nations that cooperated with each other to create an international system.

A

Giuseppe Mazzini

70
Q
  • a national internationalist
  • influenced the thinking of the United States President Woodrow Wilson and became one of the 20th century most prominent internationalist.
A

Giuseppe Mazzini

71
Q

Made the principle of Self-determination; the belief that the worlds nation had a right to a free, sovereign government. He saw nationalism as a prerequisite for internationalism.

A

Woodrow Wilson

72
Q

Most notable advocate for the creation of League of Nations.

A

Woodrow Wilson

73
Q

These are the following ultra-nationalist that had an instinctive disdain for internationalism and preferred to violently impose their dominance over nations.

A

League of Nations

74
Q

Axis Powers

A
  • GERMANY
  • ITALY
  • JAPAN
75
Q

Allied Powers

A
  • USA
  • GREAT BRITAIN
  • FRANCE
76
Q

Mazzinis biggest critics Internationalist, did not believe in nationalism. He divided the world into classes.
* Capitalist
* Proletariat

A

Karl Marx

77
Q

Died in 1883
______ followers established this international organization.

A

Karl Marx

78
Q
  • Leader of the Bolshevik Party
  • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
  • Communist International (Comintern)
A

Vladimir Lenin (Replaced Czar Nicholas II)

79
Q
  • Dissolved the Comintern in 1943
  • Established Communist Information Bureau (Cominform
A

Joseph Stalin (Replaced Vladimir Lenin)

80
Q

Achievements;
- Declaration of May 1 Labor Day
- Creation of International Women’s Day

A

Karl Marx

81
Q

refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas. It has significantly impacted various aspects of societies worldwide.

A

Globalization

82
Q

is a complex phenomenon that occurs at multiple levels. It is an uneven process that affects people differently.

A

Globalization

83
Q

Because of the nature of Globalization, we cannot give one definition of it as a whole. It is not just one process, rather _________

A

“multiple globalizations”.

84
Q

is a complex process that involves the cooperation of people around the globe to make advancements in technology, communication, and transportation, making the world more closely connected economically, culturally, and socially.

A

Globalization

85
Q

Apart from the sheer magnitude of commerce, we should also note the increased speed and frequency of trading. These days, supercomputers can execute millions of stock purchases and sales between different cities in a matter of seconds through a process called

A

“High-frequency trading”.

86
Q

Historians _______ and _________ stated that Globalization began when “all important populated continents began to exchange products continuously both directly and indirectly via other continents.

A

Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giraldez

87
Q

international monetary conference is in??

A

in Paris

88
Q

An economic historian named _______ said that the US began to recover when it abandoned the gold standard. Though more indirect versions of the gold standard were used until as late as the 1970s, the world never returned to the gold standard of the early 20th century.

A

Barren Eichengreen

89
Q

This active participation of Governments in managing economic crises became the foundation for what would be called a system of ________

A

Global Keynesianism.

90
Q

its main purpose was to reduce tariffs and other hindrances to free trade.

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947

91
Q

On October 6, 1973, hoping to win back territory lost to Israel during the third Arab-Israeli war, in 1967, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched a coordinated attack against Israel on Yom Kippur.

A

yom kippur war

92
Q

The theory went that, as prices increased, companies would earn more, and would have more money to hire workers.

A

keynesianism

93
Q

In the early 1970’s, however, the prices of oil rose sharply as a result of the OAPEC’s imposition of an embargo in response to the decision of the US and other countries to resupply the Israeli military with the needed arms during the Yom Kippur War.

A

The bretton woods system

94
Q

a decline economic growth and employment

A

Stagnation

95
Q

_______ is contemporarily used to refer to market-oriented reform policies.

A

Neoliberalism

95
Q

Economists such as________ and ________ argued that the governments’ practice of pouring money into their economies had caused inflation by increasing the demand for goods without necessarily increasing the supply.

A

Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman

96
Q

The____________, which emerged in 2008, posed a significant challenge to the tenets of neoliberalism and led to a reevaluation of economic policies around the world. Neoliberalism, characterized by a belief in free markets, limited government intervention, and deregulation, faced criticism as the financial crisis unfolded.

A

Global Financial Crisis (GFC)

97
Q

The WTO-led reduction of trade barriers, known as __________ , has profoundly altered the dynamics of the global economy.

A

trade liberalization

98
Q

The phrase “_____________ ” refers to the countries’ lowering their labor standards, including the protection of workers’ interests, to lure in foreign investors seeking high profit margins at the lowest cost possible.

A

“Race to the bottom”

99
Q

is the phenomenon in where interactions between states deepen.

A

Internationalization

100
Q

*First, there are independent countries or states that rule themselves.
*Second, these countries communicate with one another through diplomacy.
*Third, there are international institutions that enable these interactions, such as the UN
*Fourth, international institutions take on lives of their own in addition in enabling meetings between governments.

A

four major characteristics in today’s world politics.

101
Q

An individual group of people who see themselves as connected by things like ethnicity, religion, history, culture, language, and other various factors.

A

NATION

102
Q

Benedict Anderson in his book ‘Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism’ stated that a nation is an “___________” as its members do not know each other personally.

A

“imagined community”

103
Q

The desire for increased cooperation and solidarity among states and people is called “________”

A

“Internationalism”.

103
Q

The _________ system refers to the network of highways and roads that connect different states within a country.

A

The Interstate system

104
Q

advocates global solidarity among workers, emphasizing common struggles against capitalism and imperialism.

A

SOCIALIST INTERNATIONALISM

105
Q

is an approach based on the belief that nations can achieve their common goals through increased interaction and cooperation

A

LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM

106
Q

is the expansion and intensification of social relation and consciousness across world-space and world-time

A

GLOBALIZATION

107
Q

War between catholic and protestants

A

Religious Was

108
Q

Term use from Treaty of Westphalia

A

Westphalian System

109
Q

a set of agreement signed in 164 to end the thirty years between the major continental powers of Europe.

A

Treaty of Westphalia

110
Q

French military leader and emperor and challenged the Westphalian System

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

111
Q

Lasted from 1803-1815

A

Napoleonic War

112
Q

(French civil code)
*Forbade privilage based on birth
*allowed freedom of religion
*promoted meritocracy in government services

A

Napoleonic Code

113
Q

Anglo and Prussian armies defeated Napoleon in 1815
-To prevent another wars

A

Battle of Waterloo

114
Q

UNCTD

A

United Nation Conference on Trade and Development

115
Q

Millions stock purchases and sales between different cities.

A

High-frequency Trading

116
Q

WTO

A

World Trade Organization

117
Q

New organization to continue the tariffs reduction

A

World Trade Organization

118
Q

took place during the age of mercantilism

A

The Galleon Trade

119
Q

The idea that class solidarity is more powerful and political significant than national identity

A

Socialist Internationalism

120
Q

In short, Internationalization

A

PROCESS

121
Q

In short, Internationalism

A

SYSTEM

122
Q

In short, International Relation

A

Goal

123
Q

To mitigate the risk of these loans, banks that were lending houseowners’ money pooled these mortgage payments and sold them as _________

A

MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES

124
Q

International development Organization and its role is to reduce poverty by lending money

A

THE WORLD BANK

125
Q

It adopted this currencies since gold reserves is limited in Europe

A

Floating Currencies

125
Q

Greatly Influenced the Bretton Woods system

A

John Maynard Keynes

126
Q

Economic crises became the foundation for what be called a system

A

Global Keynesianism

127
Q

Proponents (politicians)
NEO

A

•RONALD REAGAN of united states
•MARGARET THATCHER of united kingdom

128
Q

Central tenet of Globalization

A

International Economic Integration

129
Q

The entire Christian World

A

Christendom

130
Q

According to him, Nation is an “Imagined Community”

A

Benedict Anderson

131
Q

Provides stability for the nations of Europe until it faced its first major challenge by hapolean Bonaparte

A

THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM

132
Q

Which forbade birth privileges, encouraged freedom or religion

A

NAPOLEONIC CODE

133
Q

WHO (armies) defeated Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo

A

ANGLO SND PRUSSIAN

134
Q

A new system to prevent another war and in restored the Westphalian system.

A

Concert of Europe

135
Q

Alliance of “Great power” and holds significant influence over world “politics”

A

Concert of Europe

136
Q

What policy pushed for minimal government spending to reduce government debt and called for the privatization of government-controlled services like power, water, communications and transport?

A

mWASHINGTON CONSENSUS

137
Q

The system also known as the congress system

A

Metternich System

138
Q

Overthrown and replaced by a revolutionary government

A

Czar Nicholas II

139
Q

was a union of European socialist and labor parties established in Paris in 1889

A

Social International

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