[GDA35]Riding the Waves of Research Cognitive Vitality in Late Life 2014

Question 1

Does the risk for cognitive decline decrease or increase with age?

Answer 1

It increases with age

Question 1

What is the time in life we have the greatest number of dendrites in the brain? What particular location do we see this very large number of dendrites?

Answer 1

The ages 50-80 we have the greatest number of dendrites in the brain. The hippocampus is one particular location we see this relationship.

Question 2

Can mental abilities be increase with aging?

Answer 2

Yes, in the absence of disease mental abilities can be increased with aging

Question 2

Cerebral exercises cause what type of changes in the brain?

Answer 2

They build connections

Question 2

What do mental exercises do for the brain?

Answer 2

They build a reserve capacity

Question 3

What is the meaning of the nemonic CIA?(memory aids)

Answer 3

Concentrate, Imaging and Associate

Question 4

The study of heritable changes in gene expression?

Answer 4

epigenetics

Question 4

What type of food is known to increase the neuronal connections and contribute to neurogenesis?

Answer 4

anti-oxidant rich berries

Question 5

Between the ages of 50-80, there is a large capacity for what particular properties of dendritic growth?(2 points)

Answer 5

There is an increase in number of dendrites and their longer

Question 6

What is the current brain volume? How much did the brain volume increase in the past 100,000 years?

Answer 6

The current brain volume is know 1500 cc. The brain has grown 15 cc per year.

Question 7

How does the use of the right and left hemispheres of the brain change with aging?

Answer 7

There is na increase activity of recruitment, the brain recruits the left hemisphere to work with the right hemisphere

Question 8

What is the “new synergy” use of the brain?

Answer 8

It is a term used to represent how older adults are able to use the left and right hemispheres of the brain when aging and it is more than plasticity

Question 10

What is a good precondition to improving our quality of life?

Answer 10

Fixing the brain is most likely to fix quality of life situations

Question 11

What were the results from the research referred to as the “Active Study Group”?

Answer 11

It states that the 90-year-olds who are living today are way healthier than the 90-year-old in the past because

Question 11

How does stress increase the risk for cognitive decline?

Answer 11

The production of cortisol causes the disruption of glucose, interference with neurotransmitters and release of free radicals which usually result in the death of neurons

Question 12

Older people are much better at what type of things as they age?(2 points)

Answer 12

Problem solving and language

Question 13

Do many people with a genetic marker for Alzheimer’s disease end up getting Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 13

No; a genetic marker for Alzheimer’s isn’t a definite

Question 14

Physical exercises causes what type of changes in the brain?

Answer 14

They causes an increase in neurotransmitters in the brain

Question 15

The National Genome Institute, published what study in 2013?

Answer 15

It published a study on how different chemical tags had a significant impact on how tightly wound the DNA is going to be based on how particular chemicals interacted with histone proteins and how the different chemicals, like methyl groups, attached to the bases of DNA

Question 16

Apolipoprotein E is mapped on what chromosome number? What are the different alleles?

Answer 16

Chromosome 19. There are three different alleles, ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4

Question 17

Mature adults use what part of the brain when telling their life stories?

Answer 17

They use the left and right hippocampus

Question 18

How does calorie restriction play a role in the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 18

There is a relationship between the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and obesity

Question 19

Considering trauma, there is a link between what type of injuries and the risk for Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 19

There is an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease when there is a greater increase in head-trauma

Question 20

Good cognitive function results from what three factors?(3 points)

Answer 20

Acquired knowledge, protection against brain insults and a complex combination against brain insults

Question 22

Why does it take longer to process information as an older person?

Answer 22

Dr. Michael Ramscar U. stated that we can say this is analogous to an older computer taking a long time to process information due to the fact that there is an overwhelming amount of used memory being used on that computer

Question 22

Who’s at risk for decline?(5-9 points)

Answer 22

Smokers, alcoholics, stress-out, people who don’t sleep enough, the malnourishing, the emotionally unstable, low education level, poor language level in early-life and coach potatoes

Question 24

The most important precondition for the improvement of self-confidence, self-esteem, self-efficacy is what?

Answer 24

Good functioning memory

Question 25

What type of drugs do we know could generally help assist in the elimination of Alzheimer’s?

Answer 25

anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 27

How does epigenetics assist to point out why some family members don’t have Alzheimer’s disease while other family members do have Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 27

A cell’s DNA can be altered by the diet and lack of exposure to different chemical environments

Question 28

What genetic connections have been made based on the role it has in Alzheimer’s disease? (2-3 points)

Answer 28

The role of the ApoE-4 gene, chromsome 21 connection to down syndrome and the role chrmosome 1 & 14 have in Alzheimer’s disease

Question 30

A British study published what finding when it came to the incidence of dementia cases?

Answer 30

There was a decline in dementia as the population grew healthier and better educated

Question 32

Young people have more activity in what part of the brain?

Answer 32

The left hemisphere

Question 33

What allele of apolipoprotein E increase the risk of Alzheimer’s? By how much?

Answer 33

Apolipoprotein E4 increase the risk of Alzheimer’s by 4-6 times. Two copies increases the risk by 10-20 times. This is all late-onset

Question 34

What type of exercise should be conducted to avoid Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 34

Any type of cardiovascular exercise