(GDA3)Growth and Development: Newborn to Infant Flashcards
When considering fetal development, when does organogenesis take place?
first trimester
When considering fetal development, when do the lungs, heart and GI tract grow, differentiate and function?
second trimester
When considering fetal development, when does rapid fetal growth and transport of nutrients as calcium, iron and immunoglobulins and proteins occur?
third trimester
When considering fetal development, what trimester is the most sensitive to poor prenatal care?
the first trimester
What gender and race has the best prognosis if delivered prematurely?
black female
What gender and race has the worst prognosis when delivered prematurely?
white male
Exposure to what prenatal vitamin is known to deter neural tube defects?
folic acid
Intrauterine growth could be adversely affected or slowed down by what general/specific factors?(3-6)
blood flow to the placenta, social history, family genetics, space availability, toxins and exposures and infections
What chronic disease during pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of congenital anomalies?
diabetes
Tocolysis is a medication provided to pregnant women for what reason?
It is used to stop contractions
Viability of the a newborn who may be delivered prematurely is dependent on a number of factors. The development of what major organ has a significant impact on viability of the newborn?
the competency of the lungs
Babies who are stressed in-utero did better or worse at any gestational age than babies who were not stressed in-utero?
Babies who were stressed in-utero did better
What is the purpose of the supplementation of antenatal steroids?
It is provided to pregnant women who may delivery prematurely for proper lung development
What antenatal drug is provided to impact the production of surfactant?
steroids
When doest the production of surfactant begin?
23 weeks gestation
When can you provide antenatal steroids to impact the development of lungs?
It seems to work at any age.
Is it possible for children to survive without viable lungs?
yes
Do doctors provide postnatal steroids for the continued development of children who were born prematurely? Why?
No. There were adverse neurological effects
How many days are needed to provide steroids before the delivery of the child?
three days
Mothers with chronic use of steroid have positive or negative effects of intrauterine growth?
negative affects on intrauterine growth
What is an example of a chronic condition that could possibly retard intrauterine growth?
hypertension
What group of medications is associated with intrauterine growth retardation?
All HIV medications
Potters Syndrome: renal agensis and oligohydroamios
What is the maximum number of progeny a women could give birth to and have a positive prognosis?
3
What maternal behaviors are associated with retarding intrauterine growth?(4-7 points)
substance abuse, smoking, alchol abuse, amphetamines, heroine, cocaine and marijunia
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What are the TORCH infections?
Infections that are known to retard intrauterine growth. Taxoplasma Gondii, Other(syphillis, parovirus), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes infection.
What is an example of a chromosomal abnormality that may have an adverse affect on intrauterine growth?
Trisomy 21
What is the relative scae of hte Apgar Scoring System?
0 is the lowest, a bad score. 1 is in between and 2 is a very good score
The Apgar Scoring System is based on responses to what physical factors?(5 points)
heart rate, respirations, muscle tone, response to nasal catheter and color
How is the composite maturity rating score calculated?
You add up 12 scores measuring the child’s physical and neuromuscular maturity
What percentage is used to indiate large for gestional age(LGA) or small for gestional age(SGA)?
A child large than 90% is LGA. A child small than 10% is SGA.
What organization growth monitoring chart is utilized for infants and children between the age of 0 and 2?
WHO(World Health Organization)
What growth monitoring chart is utilized for children 2 years and older?
CDC growth chart
What percentile is used to assess the BMI of children between the ages of 2-20?(4 points)
Underweight is less than 5 percentile. Good weight is between 5% and 85%. Overweight is between 85% to 95%. Obese is greater than 95%.
What type of variant: IUGR, SGA, chromosomal abnormalities, intaruterine toxins or infections
constitutional
What type of variant: LGA and IDM babies?
“catch down”
What age range do you measure the BMI of a child? What age range do you measure weight/height?
BMI: 2-20 years old. Weight/Height: Birth to 36 months
How often should a child be breat fed from birth to the first year of life?
every 2-3 hours
What is the quantity of formula that should be provided to a newborn all th way up to one year old?
24-32 ounces per day
How long should a child be breat fed on each breast?
15-20 minutes each breast
What nutrient should be provided to a newborn if he/she consumes less than 16oz of formula?
vitamin D
Consumption of what food should be decreased as solid food is introduced to an infant?
milk consumption should be reduced
What type of food should be encouraged for development of self-feeding?
finger foods
When should solid food be introduced into an infant’s diet?
4-6 months
If you’re worried about the proper growth of a child at 2 years old, what is the single most important diagnostic study to decipher if there is proper bone development?
X-ray of left hand and wrist
What disease is a classic case of poor growth?
Turner Syndrome
What should be the comparative birth weight of a child by 1 year of age?
triple the birth weight
What should be the comparative birth weight of the child when compard to his/her original birth weight by 6 months old?
double the birth weight
What is the grams per day weight gain for a child between the ages of 1-6MO?
20-30 gm/day
What is the average weight gain for a child greater than 6MO?
10 gm/day
What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 1YO?
A 50% increase in height
What is the growth rate of the child in the first year of life?
25 cm/year
What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 13 years of age when compared to his/her birth height?
triple by 13 years of age
What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 4 years of age when compared to his/her birth height?
doubles
The Bone Age should be equal to what?
The chronological age
What is your assessment: normal growth velocity, chronological age is greater than bone age?
constitutional delay
What is your assessment: abnormal growth velocity, and chronological age is greater than bone age?
chronic system disease
What is your assessment: CA = BA with normal GV. Also, the child is “short”
genetic short stature
What is your assessment: CA < BA, normal GV
obesity
What is your assessment: CA < BA, with abnormal GV.
hyperthyroidism
What is the percentile assignemt for a child who is designated as failure to thrive?(2 points)
Below 3rd to 5th percentile or cross two growth percentile
What are the causes of failure to thrive?(3 points)
The child doesn’t consume enough food, there are significant increase loses and there is a significant increase in metabolic demand
What are the two classifications of failure to thrive?
Organic or Non-Organic
What are the two major interventions for non-organic failure to thrive?
breast feeding and later introduction of solid food
How do you treat organic failure to thrive in growth?
treat the underlying cause
What demographic is at the highest risk for obesity?(2 points)
Mexican Americans and African Americans
What age is a person when 75% of the size of their head is reached?
1 YO
What is the age of a person when 100% of their head size is reached?
2YO
What is the first sound that is the easiest for the infant to say?
“Dada”
What age are 50% of children able to walk?
1YO
What age is 100% of children able to walk?
15MO
When does the palmar grasp primitive reflex disappear?
9-12 MO
When does the primitive reflex tonic neck disappear in an infant?
4-6 MO
What age should a child have the ability to hold his/her head up?
2 MO
The Brazelton assessment is used for what type of assessement?
neonatal behavorial assessment
The Denver Developmental Assessment monitors what type of assessments?(4 points)
fine motor, gross motor, social/behavorial and language
What age is thumbs addedd to raking motion?
5 MO
What age should the child roll, sit witout support, transferring objects, babbling consonants?
6 MO
What age should the child be able to: no head lag from lying or sitting position, start rolling over, reach, grasp, pull at objects, grasp in?
4 MO
What age should the child be able to creep and crawl?
8MO
What age does stranger anxiety emerge?
9-10 MO
What age does child start to learn object permanence?
9-10 MO
What age does child have precise pincer grasp, can prounounce dada, mama and three other words?
12 MO
What is the average number of hours newborn sleep in the first 2 weeks of life?
10-20 hours per night
