(GDA3)Growth and Development: Newborn to Infant

Question 1

When considering fetal development, when does organogenesis take place?

Answer 1

first trimester

Question 2

When considering fetal development, when do the lungs, heart and GI tract grow, differentiate and function?

Answer 2

second trimester

Question 3

When considering fetal development, when does rapid fetal growth and transport of nutrients as calcium, iron and immunoglobulins and proteins occur?

Answer 3

third trimester

Question 4

When considering fetal development, what trimester is the most sensitive to poor prenatal care?

Answer 4

the first trimester

Question 5

What gender and race has the best prognosis if delivered prematurely?

Answer 5

black female

Question 6

What gender and race has the worst prognosis when delivered prematurely?

Answer 6

white male

Question 7

Exposure to what prenatal vitamin is known to deter neural tube defects?

Answer 7

folic acid

Question 8

Intrauterine growth could be adversely affected or slowed down by what general/specific factors?(3-6)

Answer 8

blood flow to the placenta, social history, family genetics, space availability, toxins and exposures and infections

Question 9

What chronic disease during pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of congenital anomalies?

Answer 9

diabetes

Question 10

Tocolysis is a medication provided to pregnant women for what reason?

Answer 10

It is used to stop contractions

Question 11

Viability of the a newborn who may be delivered prematurely is dependent on a number of factors. The development of what major organ has a significant impact on viability of the newborn?

Answer 11

the competency of the lungs

Question 12

Babies who are stressed in-utero did better or worse at any gestational age than babies who were not stressed in-utero?

Answer 12

Babies who were stressed in-utero did better

Question 13

What is the purpose of the supplementation of antenatal steroids?

Answer 13

It is provided to pregnant women who may delivery prematurely for proper lung development

Question 14

What antenatal drug is provided to impact the production of surfactant?

Answer 14

steroids

Question 15

When doest the production of surfactant begin?

Answer 15

23 weeks gestation

Question 16

When can you provide antenatal steroids to impact the development of lungs?

Answer 16

It seems to work at any age.

Question 17

Is it possible for children to survive without viable lungs?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

Do doctors provide postnatal steroids for the continued development of children who were born prematurely? Why?

Answer 18

No. There were adverse neurological effects

Question 19

How many days are needed to provide steroids before the delivery of the child?

Answer 19

three days

Question 20

Mothers with chronic use of steroid have positive or negative effects of intrauterine growth?

Answer 20

negative affects on intrauterine growth

Question 21

What is an example of a chronic condition that could possibly retard intrauterine growth?

Answer 21

hypertension

Question 22

What group of medications is associated with intrauterine growth retardation?

Answer 22

All HIV medications

Question 23

Answer 23

Potters Syndrome: renal agensis and oligohydroamios

Question 24

What is the maximum number of progeny a women could give birth to and have a positive prognosis?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

What maternal behaviors are associated with retarding intrauterine growth?**(4-7 points)**

Answer 25

substance abuse, smoking, alchol abuse, amphetamines, heroine, cocaine and marijunia

Question 26

Answer 26

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 27

What are the TORCH infections?

Answer 27

Infections that are known to retard intrauterine growth. Taxoplasma Gondii, Other(syphillis, parovirus), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes infection.

Question 28

What is an example of a chromosomal abnormality that may have an adverse affect on intrauterine growth?

Answer 28

Trisomy 21

Question 29

What is the relative scae of hte Apgar Scoring System?

Answer 29

0 is the lowest, a bad score. 1 is in between and 2 is a very good score

Question 30

The Apgar Scoring System is based on responses to what physical factors?**(5 points)**

Answer 30

heart rate, respirations, muscle tone, response to nasal catheter and color

Question 31

How is the composite maturity rating score calculated?

Answer 31

You add up 12 scores measuring the child's physical and neuromuscular maturity

Question 32

What percentage is used to indiate large for gestional age(LGA) or small for gestional age(SGA)?

Answer 32

A child large than 90% is LGA. A child small than 10% is SGA.

Question 33

What organization growth monitoring chart is utilized for infants and children between the age of 0 and 2?

Answer 33

WHO(World Health Organization)

Question 34

What growth monitoring chart is utilized for children 2 years and older?

Answer 34

CDC growth chart

Question 35

What percentile is used to assess the BMI of children between the ages of 2-20?**(4 points)**

Answer 35

Underweight is less than 5 percentile. Good weight is between 5% and 85%. Overweight is between 85% to 95%. Obese is greater than 95%.

Question 36

What type of variant: IUGR, SGA, chromosomal abnormalities, intaruterine toxins or infections

Answer 36

constitutional

Question 37

What type of variant: LGA and IDM babies?

Answer 37

"catch down"

Question 38

What age range do you measure the BMI of a child? What age range do you measure weight/height?

Answer 38

BMI: 2-20 years old. Weight/Height: Birth to 36 months

Question 39

How often should a child be breat fed from birth to the first year of life?

Answer 39

every 2-3 hours

Question 40

What is the quantity of formula that should be provided to a newborn all th way up to one year old?

Answer 40

24-32 ounces per day

Question 41

How long should a child be breat fed on each breast?

Answer 41

15-20 minutes each breast

Question 42

What nutrient should be provided to a newborn if he/she consumes less than 16oz of formula?

Answer 42

vitamin D

Question 43

Consumption of what food should be decreased as solid food is introduced to an infant?

Answer 43

milk consumption should be reduced

Question 44

What type of food should be encouraged for development of self-feeding?

Answer 44

finger foods

Question 45

When should solid food be introduced into an infant's diet?

Answer 45

4-6 months

Question 46

If you're worried about the proper growth of a child at 2 years old, what is the single most important diagnostic study to decipher if there is proper bone development?

Answer 46

X-ray of left hand and wrist

Question 47

What disease is a classic case of poor growth?

Answer 47

Turner Syndrome

Question 48

What should be the comparative birth weight of a child by 1 year of age?

Answer 48

triple the birth weight

Question 49

What should be the comparative birth weight of the child when compard to his/her original birth weight by 6 months old?

Answer 49

double the birth weight

Question 50

What is the grams per day weight gain for a child between the ages of 1-6MO?

Answer 50

20-30 gm/day

Question 51

What is the average weight gain for a child greater than 6MO?

Answer 51

10 gm/day

Question 52

What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 1YO?

Answer 52

A 50% increase in height

Question 53

What is the growth rate of the child in the first year of life?

Answer 53

25 cm/year

Question 54

What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 13 years of age when compared to his/her birth height?

Answer 54

triple by 13 years of age

Question 55

What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 4 years of age when compared to his/her birth height?

Answer 55

doubles

Question 56

The Bone Age should be equal to what?

Answer 56

The chronological age

Question 57

What is your assessment: normal growth velocity, chronological age is greater than bone age?

Answer 57

constitutional delay

Question 58

What is your assessment: abnormal growth velocity, and chronological age is greater than bone age?

Answer 58

chronic system disease

Question 59

What is your assessment: CA = BA with normal GV. Also, the child is "short"

Answer 59

genetic short stature

Question 60

What is your assessment: CA \< BA, normal GV

Answer 60

obesity

Question 61

What is your assessment: CA \< BA, with abnormal GV.

Answer 61

hyperthyroidism

Question 62

What is the percentile assignemt for a child who is designated as failure to thrive?**(2 points)**

Answer 62

Below 3rd to 5th percentile or cross two growth percentile

Question 63

What are the causes of failure to thrive?**(3 points)**

Answer 63

The child doesn't consume enough food, there are significant increase loses and there is a significant increase in metabolic demand

Question 64

What are the two classifications of failure to thrive?

Answer 64

Organic or Non-Organic

Question 65

What are the two major interventions for non-organic failure to thrive?

Answer 65

breast feeding and later introduction of solid food

Question 66

How do you treat organic failure to thrive in growth?

Answer 66

treat the underlying cause

Question 67

What demographic is at the highest risk for obesity?**(2 points)**

Answer 67

Mexican Americans and African Americans

Question 68

What age is a person when 75% of the size of their head is reached?

Answer 68

1 YO

Question 69

What is the age of a person when 100% of their head size is reached?

Answer 69

2YO

Question 70

What is the first sound that is the easiest for the infant to say?

Answer 70

"Dada"

Question 71

What age are 50% of children able to walk?

Answer 71

1YO

Question 72

What age is 100% of children able to walk?

Answer 72

15MO

Question 73

When does the palmar grasp primitive reflex disappear?

Answer 73

9-12 MO

Question 74

When does the primitive reflex tonic neck disappear in an infant?

Answer 74

4-6 MO

Question 75

What age should a child have the ability to hold his/her head up?

Answer 75

2 MO

Question 76

The Brazelton assessment is used for what type of assessement?

Answer 76

neonatal behavorial assessment

Question 77

The Denver Developmental Assessment monitors what type of assessments?**(4 points)**

Answer 77

fine motor, gross motor, social/behavorial and language

Question 78

What age is thumbs addedd to raking motion?

Answer 78

5 MO

Question 79

What age should the child roll, sit witout support, transferring objects, babbling consonants?

Answer 79

6 MO

Question 80

What age should the child be able to: no head lag from lying or sitting position, start rolling over, reach, grasp, pull at objects, grasp in?

Answer 80

4 MO

Question 81

What age should the child be able to creep and crawl?

Answer 81

8MO

Question 82

What age does stranger anxiety emerge?

Answer 82

9-10 MO

Question 83

What age does child start to learn object permanence?

Answer 83

9-10 MO

Question 84

What age does child have precise pincer grasp, can prounounce dada, mama and three other words?

Answer 84

12 MO

Question 85

What is the average number of hours newborn sleep in the first 2 weeks of life?

Answer 85

10-20 hours per night