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Growth, Development and Aging > (GDA3)Growth and Development: Newborn to Infant > Flashcards

(GDA3)Growth and Development: Newborn to Infant Flashcards

1
Q

When considering fetal development, when does organogenesis take place?

A

first trimester

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2
Q

When considering fetal development, when do the lungs, heart and GI tract grow, differentiate and function?

A

second trimester

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3
Q

When considering fetal development, when does rapid fetal growth and transport of nutrients as calcium, iron and immunoglobulins and proteins occur?

A

third trimester

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4
Q

When considering fetal development, what trimester is the most sensitive to poor prenatal care?

A

the first trimester

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5
Q

What gender and race has the best prognosis if delivered prematurely?

A

black female

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6
Q

What gender and race has the worst prognosis when delivered prematurely?

A

white male

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7
Q

Exposure to what prenatal vitamin is known to deter neural tube defects?

A

folic acid

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8
Q

Intrauterine growth could be adversely affected or slowed down by what general/specific factors?(3-6)

A

blood flow to the placenta, social history, family genetics, space availability, toxins and exposures and infections

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9
Q

What chronic disease during pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of congenital anomalies?

A

diabetes

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10
Q

Tocolysis is a medication provided to pregnant women for what reason?

A

It is used to stop contractions

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11
Q

Viability of the a newborn who may be delivered prematurely is dependent on a number of factors. The development of what major organ has a significant impact on viability of the newborn?

A

the competency of the lungs

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12
Q

Babies who are stressed in-utero did better or worse at any gestational age than babies who were not stressed in-utero?

A

Babies who were stressed in-utero did better

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the supplementation of antenatal steroids?

A

It is provided to pregnant women who may delivery prematurely for proper lung development

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14
Q

What antenatal drug is provided to impact the production of surfactant?

A

steroids

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15
Q

When doest the production of surfactant begin?

A

23 weeks gestation

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16
Q

When can you provide antenatal steroids to impact the development of lungs?

A

It seems to work at any age.

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17
Q

Is it possible for children to survive without viable lungs?

A

yes

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18
Q

Do doctors provide postnatal steroids for the continued development of children who were born prematurely? Why?

A

No. There were adverse neurological effects

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19
Q

How many days are needed to provide steroids before the delivery of the child?

A

three days

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20
Q

Mothers with chronic use of steroid have positive or negative effects of intrauterine growth?

A

negative affects on intrauterine growth

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21
Q

What is an example of a chronic condition that could possibly retard intrauterine growth?

A

hypertension

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22
Q

What group of medications is associated with intrauterine growth retardation?

A

All HIV medications

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23
Q
A

Potters Syndrome: renal agensis and oligohydroamios

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24
Q

What is the maximum number of progeny a women could give birth to and have a positive prognosis?

A

3

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25
Q

What maternal behaviors are associated with retarding intrauterine growth?(4-7 points)

A

substance abuse, smoking, alchol abuse, amphetamines, heroine, cocaine and marijunia

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26
Q
A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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27
Q

What are the TORCH infections?

A

Infections that are known to retard intrauterine growth. Taxoplasma Gondii, Other(syphillis, parovirus), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes infection.

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28
Q

What is an example of a chromosomal abnormality that may have an adverse affect on intrauterine growth?

A

Trisomy 21

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29
Q

What is the relative scae of hte Apgar Scoring System?

A

0 is the lowest, a bad score. 1 is in between and 2 is a very good score

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30
Q

The Apgar Scoring System is based on responses to what physical factors?(5 points)

A

heart rate, respirations, muscle tone, response to nasal catheter and color

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31
Q

How is the composite maturity rating score calculated?

A

You add up 12 scores measuring the child’s physical and neuromuscular maturity

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32
Q

What percentage is used to indiate large for gestional age(LGA) or small for gestional age(SGA)?

A

A child large than 90% is LGA. A child small than 10% is SGA.

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33
Q

What organization growth monitoring chart is utilized for infants and children between the age of 0 and 2?

A

WHO(World Health Organization)

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34
Q

What growth monitoring chart is utilized for children 2 years and older?

A

CDC growth chart

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35
Q

What percentile is used to assess the BMI of children between the ages of 2-20?(4 points)

A

Underweight is less than 5 percentile. Good weight is between 5% and 85%. Overweight is between 85% to 95%. Obese is greater than 95%.

36
Q

What type of variant: IUGR, SGA, chromosomal abnormalities, intaruterine toxins or infections

A

constitutional

37
Q

What type of variant: LGA and IDM babies?

A

“catch down”

38
Q

What age range do you measure the BMI of a child? What age range do you measure weight/height?

A

BMI: 2-20 years old. Weight/Height: Birth to 36 months

39
Q

How often should a child be breat fed from birth to the first year of life?

A

every 2-3 hours

40
Q

What is the quantity of formula that should be provided to a newborn all th way up to one year old?

A

24-32 ounces per day

41
Q

How long should a child be breat fed on each breast?

A

15-20 minutes each breast

42
Q

What nutrient should be provided to a newborn if he/she consumes less than 16oz of formula?

A

vitamin D

43
Q

Consumption of what food should be decreased as solid food is introduced to an infant?

A

milk consumption should be reduced

44
Q

What type of food should be encouraged for development of self-feeding?

A

finger foods

45
Q

When should solid food be introduced into an infant’s diet?

A

4-6 months

46
Q

If you’re worried about the proper growth of a child at 2 years old, what is the single most important diagnostic study to decipher if there is proper bone development?

A

X-ray of left hand and wrist

47
Q

What disease is a classic case of poor growth?

A

Turner Syndrome

48
Q

What should be the comparative birth weight of a child by 1 year of age?

A

triple the birth weight

49
Q

What should be the comparative birth weight of the child when compard to his/her original birth weight by 6 months old?

A

double the birth weight

50
Q

What is the grams per day weight gain for a child between the ages of 1-6MO?

A

20-30 gm/day

51
Q

What is the average weight gain for a child greater than 6MO?

A

10 gm/day

52
Q

What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 1YO?

A

A 50% increase in height

53
Q

What is the growth rate of the child in the first year of life?

A

25 cm/year

54
Q

What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 13 years of age when compared to his/her birth height?

A

triple by 13 years of age

55
Q

What should be the height of the child by the time he/she is 4 years of age when compared to his/her birth height?

A

doubles

56
Q

The Bone Age should be equal to what?

A

The chronological age

57
Q

What is your assessment: normal growth velocity, chronological age is greater than bone age?

A

constitutional delay

58
Q

What is your assessment: abnormal growth velocity, and chronological age is greater than bone age?

A

chronic system disease

59
Q

What is your assessment: CA = BA with normal GV. Also, the child is “short”

A

genetic short stature

60
Q

What is your assessment: CA < BA, normal GV

A

obesity

61
Q

What is your assessment: CA < BA, with abnormal GV.

A

hyperthyroidism

62
Q

What is the percentile assignemt for a child who is designated as failure to thrive?(2 points)

A

Below 3rd to 5th percentile or cross two growth percentile

63
Q

What are the causes of failure to thrive?(3 points)

A

The child doesn’t consume enough food, there are significant increase loses and there is a significant increase in metabolic demand

64
Q

What are the two classifications of failure to thrive?

A

Organic or Non-Organic

65
Q

What are the two major interventions for non-organic failure to thrive?

A

breast feeding and later introduction of solid food

66
Q

How do you treat organic failure to thrive in growth?

A

treat the underlying cause

67
Q

What demographic is at the highest risk for obesity?(2 points)

A

Mexican Americans and African Americans

68
Q

What age is a person when 75% of the size of their head is reached?

A

1 YO

69
Q

What is the age of a person when 100% of their head size is reached?

A

2YO

70
Q

What is the first sound that is the easiest for the infant to say?

A

“Dada”

71
Q

What age are 50% of children able to walk?

A

1YO

72
Q

What age is 100% of children able to walk?

A

15MO

73
Q

When does the palmar grasp primitive reflex disappear?

A

9-12 MO

74
Q

When does the primitive reflex tonic neck disappear in an infant?

A

4-6 MO

75
Q

What age should a child have the ability to hold his/her head up?

A

2 MO

76
Q

The Brazelton assessment is used for what type of assessement?

A

neonatal behavorial assessment

77
Q

The Denver Developmental Assessment monitors what type of assessments?(4 points)

A

fine motor, gross motor, social/behavorial and language

78
Q

What age is thumbs addedd to raking motion?

A

5 MO

79
Q

What age should the child roll, sit witout support, transferring objects, babbling consonants?

A

6 MO

80
Q

What age should the child be able to: no head lag from lying or sitting position, start rolling over, reach, grasp, pull at objects, grasp in?

A

4 MO

81
Q

What age should the child be able to creep and crawl?

A

8MO

82
Q

What age does stranger anxiety emerge?

A

9-10 MO

83
Q

What age does child start to learn object permanence?

A

9-10 MO

84
Q

What age does child have precise pincer grasp, can prounounce dada, mama and three other words?

A

12 MO

85
Q

What is the average number of hours newborn sleep in the first 2 weeks of life?

A

10-20 hours per night

Growth, Development and Aging (7 decks)

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