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26* > GCSE RPSE Buddhism Belief & Practices Flashcards: > Flashcards

GCSE RPSE Buddhism Belief & Practices Flashcards:

1
Q

Define Chanting.

A

A Type Of Buddhist Worship That Involves Reciting From Buddhist Scriptures.

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2
Q

Define Karma.

A

An Ethical Principle That Explains How Actions Lead To Either Happiness Or Suffering.

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3
Q

Define Karuna.

A

Compassion- Feeling Concerned For The Suffering Of Others.

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4
Q

Define Mantra.

A

A Short Sequence Of Syllables Recited During Worship.

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5
Q

Define Metta.

A

Loving-Kindness- A Desire For Other People To Be Happy.

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6
Q

What Is Parinirvana Day?

A

A Mahayana Festival Commemorating The Buddha’s Death, ( His Passing Into Nirvana.)

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7
Q

Define Puja.

A

Worship- It Expresses Gratitude And Respect For The Buddha And His Teachings.

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8
Q

Define Rupa.

A

A Statue Of The Buddha, Used In Worship And Mediataion.

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9
Q

Define Samatha Meditation.

A

A Form Of Meditation Focused On Calming The Mind And Mindfulness And Developing Deeper Concentration. It’s Important As Preparation For Vipissana Meditation.

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10
Q

Define Shrine.

A

A Focal Point For Buddhist Worship And Offering In Temples Or At Home.

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11
Q

Define Stupa.

A

A Tiered Tower Structure Designed To Symbolize Elements Of Buddhist Teaching.

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12
Q

Temple.

A

The Focal Point Of Buddhist Worship; The Building Where Buddhists Gather.

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13
Q

Define Vihara.

A

A Monastery Or Community, Where Buddhists Gather To Worship.

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14
Q

Define Vipassana Meditation.

A

A Form Of Meditation Revolved Around A Teaching Of The Buddha In Order To Gain A Greater Understanding Whilst Meditating. It’s Easier To Do If A Theravada Buddhist Has Done Samatha Meditation Before.

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15
Q

What Is Wesak

A

A Theravada Buddhist Festival, (Celebrated By All Buddhists) Celebrating The Life And Teachings Of the Buddha.

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16
Q

When And Why Do Buddhists Celebrate Wesak?

A

The Full-Moon Day Of The Lunar Month, Vesakha Which Falls In April Or May Every Year. It Celebrates The Buddha’s Birthday, Death, His Passing Into Nirvana) And His Enlightenment.

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17
Q

What Is A Sky Burial?

A

A Tibetan Buddhism type Of Funeral Practice Where Bodies Are Left On The Mountainsides For The Vultures To Eat As Tibetan Buddhists Believe those Who’s Body Is Eaten By A Vulture Is Sinless. (Not Legal In The UK).

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18
Q

Why Do Buddhists Spend Less Money On Funeral Services?

A

Because They Believe The Cycle Of Samsara Means Their Energy Moves Into A New Body.

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19
Q

How Do Theravada Buddhists Celebrate Wesak?

A

By Lighting Up Candles And Lanterns To Celebrate Enlightenment And By Attending The Local Temple To Take Part In Worship Or Meditation.

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20
Q

How Do Mahayana Buddhists Celebrate Wesak?

A

By Them Reading And Studying The Last writings Of The Buddha, Meditating At Home Or In A Temple Or Going On A Retreat To Reflect Or Meditate.

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21
Q

List The 5 Moral Precepts.

A

. Abstain From Taking Life.
. Abstain From Taking What Is Not Given.
. Abstain From Sexual Misconduct.
. Abstain From Wrong Speech.
. Abstain From Intoxicants.

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22
Q

What Are The 5 Moral Precepts?

A

Ethical Teachings That Buddhists Follow On Their Day-To-Day Lives.

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23
Q

Why Do Buddhists Follow The 5 Moral Precepts?

A

To Ensure They Are Living A Morally Good Life And To Ensure They Develop Mind And Character In Order To Make Progress In Achieving Enlightenment.

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24
Q

What Are The 6 Perfections? (Mahayana).

A

6 Qualities That Mahayana Buddhists Try And Develop In Order To Become Bodhisattva. They Require Practice And Thought In Order To Fully Develop Them.

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25
Q

List The 6 Perfections.

A

. Generosity, (Giving Physical Or Spiritual Support.)
. Morality, (Right Action, 5 Moral Precepts).
. Patience, (Tolerance And Compassion).
. Energy, (Right Effort).
. Meditation, (Right Concentration).
. Wisdom, (Following The Previous 5 Leads To Wisdom).

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26
Q

What Are The 5 Aggregates?

A

Define What A Human Being Is And Like Everything Like Everything In The World Is In Constant Change.

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27
Q

List The 5 Aggregates.

A

. Form, (The Body) Rupa.
. A Person’s Body, Or Objects In The World.

. Sensation, (Vedana).
. The Feelings Or Sensations That Occur When People Come Into Contact With Things.
. Can Be Physical Or Emotional.

. Perception, (Samjna).
. How People Recognise What Things Are, Based On Previous Experiences.

. Mental Formations, (Samskara).
. Thoughts And Opinions- How A Person Responds Mentally To The Things They Experience.
. Includes Likes And Dislikes, And A Person’s Attitude Toward Different Things.

. Consciousness, (Vijnana).
. A Person’s General Awareness Of The World Around Them.

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28
Q

How Do Theravada Buddhists Worship In A Temple?

A

Theravada Buddhists Perform Puja By Putting By Putting Flowers And Candles In Front Of An Image Of The Buddha As An Offering.

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29
Q

How Do Mahayana Buddhists Worship In A Temple?

A

In Mahayana Buddhism Puja Ceremonies Take Place Over A Long Period Of Time, During This Time, Mahayana Buddhists Request Blessings From The Buddha And Also Ask Him For Help.

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30
Q

How Do Theravada Buddhists Follow The Eightfold Path?

A

Theravada Buddhists Summarize The Eightfold Path As Ethics, (Sila) Samadhi, (Meditation), Wisdom, (Panna).

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31
Q

How Do Mahayana Buddhists Follow The Eightfold Path?

A

Mahayna Buddhists This Path Is Contrasted With The Bodhisattva Path, Which Is Believed To Go Beyond Arhatship And To Full Buddhahood.

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32
Q

Define In Arhatship.

A

What Mahayana Buddhists Call Someone Who Has Achieved Enlightenment.

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33
Q

Define Tanha.

A

Craving Or Desiring.

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34
Q

What Are The 3 Types Of Cravings?

A

. Sensory Craving- Craving Things That Pleases The Senses.
. Craving For Being- Wanting To Become Something Your Not.
. Craving For Non-Being- Wanting To Stop Experiencing Something.

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35
Q

What Is The 3 Fold-Way?

A

Also Known As The Eightfold Path As They Both Contain The Three Biggest Aspects Of The Buddhas Life.

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36
Q

What Aspects Of The Eightfold Path Link To Which Section Of The Threefold Way?

A

Ethics- . Right Speech.
. Right Action.
. Right Livelihood.
Meditation- . Right Effort.
. Right Mindfulness.
. Right Concentration.
Wisdom- . Right Understanding.
. Right Intention.

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37
Q

Explain How Theravada Buddhists Host Funerals?

A

. Theravada Buddhist funerals involve a shrine. with the dead person’s picture and an image of the Buddha surrounded by candles, flowers and incense.
. In order to assist the dead person’s transfer to another rebirth, relatives will offer charity to monks or a monastery in order to gain positive karma.

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38
Q

What Are The 4 Sublime States?

A

. Kindness, (Metta).
. Compassion, (Karuna).
. Sympathetic Joy, (Muditta).
. Equanimity, (Upekkha).

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39
Q

Why Are The 4 Sublime States Important For Buddhists?

A

Because The Buddha Said A person can achieve rebirth in a Brahma realm through the practice and attainment of the Four Sublime States.

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40
Q

What Items Could You Find On A Buddhist Shrine?

A

. Buddha Rupa.
. Candles.
. Incence Sticks.
. Flowers.

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41
Q

Why Do Pure Land Buddhists Wish To Be Reborn Into The Pure Land?

A

Because It Is Much More Easier To Achieve Enlightenment.

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42
Q

List 3 Facts About The Pure Land.

A

. Amitabha Himself Can Help You Reach Enlightenment There.
. It’s A Perfect Paradise.
. Contains No Suffering Or Other Barriers To Stop you Reaching Enlightenment.

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43
Q

State Two Ways In Which Pure Land Buddhists And Theravada Buddhists Differ.

A

. For Pure Land Buddhists, Faith In Amitabha Is The Focus Of Practice And More Important Than A Person’s Actions And Behavior. Whereas, Theravada Buddhists Can Only Gain Enlightenment Through Their Actions And Behavior.
. For Pure Land Buddhists, Amitabha Will Help You Reach Enlightenment, Whereas Theravada Buddhists Believe People Cannot Rely On Outside Help To Achieve Enlightenment.

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44
Q

State Two Ways Buddhists Can Reach The Pure Land.

A

. T’an-Luan, (The Founder Of Pure Land Buddhism) Recommended Reciting Scriptures, Meditating On Amitabha And His Paradise, Worshiping Him, Chanting His Name, And Making Praises And Offers To Him. Reciting His Name Became The Most Important Practice Though.
. Anyone Else Who Invokes Amitabha At The Hour Of Death.

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45
Q

Explain How Each Of The Four Noble Truths Occur.

A

First Noble Truth: Suffering Is Universal It’s Just There It’s Something Buddhists Need To Accept.
Second Noble Truth: Suffering Is Caused By Craving.
Third Noble Truth: Suffering Can End By Overcoming Craving And Ignorance.
Fourth Noble Truth: The Eightfold Path And Three Fold Way Are The Cure To Suffering.

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46
Q

What Are Monasteries?

A

A Place Where Buddhist Monks Or Nuns Live A Simple, Disciplined Life Of Study, Mediation, Devotion And Companionship.

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47
Q

What Are Mantras?

A

A Sequence Of Sacred Syllables Chanted Loud Or Silently In The Mind Over And Over Again. (Prayer Beads Are Often Used When Reciting Mantras).

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48
Q

What Do Temples Include?

A

. A Main Hall Where Buddhists Practice Together.
. A Mediation Hall; A Quiet Place Where Buddhists Can Meditate.
. A Study Hall For Meetings And Lectures.
. A Shrine That Is Dedicated Towards The Buddha Himself. (Often Found In Mahayana Temples.)

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49
Q

Why Do Buddhists Worship?

A

. To Express Their Gratitude Towards The Buddha And The Acceptance Of His Teachings.
. To Deepen Their Understanding Of The Buddha’s Teachings.
. To Move Closer To The Buddha And What He Symbolizes.

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50
Q

What Do Buddhists Believe Happens After Death?

A

That When A Buddhist Dies, Their Kammic Energy Leaves Their Body And Is Reborn In A New One.

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51
Q

What Is A Thangka?

A

A Detailed Painting Of A Buddha Or A Boddhisattva; Helps A Buddha Focus Properly When Meditating Or Visualising.

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52
Q

Why Do Buddhists Visualize?

A

It Helps Them Gain Better Concentration While Trying To Meditate Which Means They Grasp Every Little Detail On Whatever They Are Thinking About.

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53
Q

Why Do Buddhists Do Visualization?

A

Visualizing A Deity Means They Can Witness All Their Spiritual Qualities And Imagine Themselves Possessing All These Gifts/ Qualities Helps Awaken Their Buddha Nature.

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54
Q

What Are The 3 Refuges In Buddhism?

A

. The Buddha.
. The Dhamma- The Buddha’s Teachings.
. The Sangha- The Buddhist Community.

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55
Q

Why Are The 3 Refuges Important For Buddhists?

A

They offer Buddhists the inspiration of the Buddha, the truth of the Dharma and the support of the Sangha.
. They Are The Central Values Of Life.

56
Q

List Some Reasons Why The Buddha Left His Luxurious Lifestyle?

A

. After Witnessing The Four Sights, He Realized Despite His Great Wealth, Death Was Inevitable.
. After Witnessing The Four Sights, He Became Convinced That His Life Mission Was To Seek Liberation For Himself And Others.
. He Realized He Wouldn’t Find Any Answers To The Problem Of Suffering By Living His Life Of Luxury.

57
Q

Why Did The Buddha Leave His Wife And Child?

A

To Pursue Spiritual Enlightenment.

58
Q

What Were Some Unusual Things About Siddhartha When He Was Born?

A

. He Could Immediately Walk And Talk.
. Walked Seven Steps, Appeared Under His Feet.
. He Declared That He Would Not Be Reborn.

59
Q

What Is Samatha Meditation ?

A

A Type Of Meditation That Involves Calming The Mind And Developing Deeper Concentration. It’s Important In Theravada Buddhism And Is Completed First As Preparation For The Next Stage Of Meditation- Vipassana Mediation.

60
Q

What Is Vipassana Meditation?

A

A Type Of Meditation That Involves A Developing Understanding Of The Nature Of Reality. It Is The Second Main Type Of Mediation In Theravada Buddhism And Can Only Be Done After Mastering Samatha Meditation.

61
Q

What Is Zazen Meditation?

A

A Type Of Meditation Completed In Zen Buddhism; A Form Of Buddhism That Originated In Japan. The Meditator First Sits, Relaxes, And Breathes For A Bit And While Sitting With Awareness Of The Present Moment, Thoughts And Experiences Come And Go As The Meditator Returns To The Present Moment.

62
Q

What Are The Two Differences Between Samatha Meditation And Vipassana Meditation?

A

. Samatha Meditation Focuses On One Neutral Object Or Process Whereas, Whereas In Vipassana Meditation The Meditator Mayy Change Their Focus Between A Range Of Different Objects, Emotions And Experiences.
. The Aim Of Samatha Meditation Is To Develop Concentration And Remain Calm Whereas The Aim Of Vipassana Meditation Is To Focus On One Specific Object, Understand It’s Nature And How It’s Characterized By The 3 Marks Of Existence.

63
Q

What Is Deity Visualization?

A

A Form Of Visualization That Tibetan Buddhists Do Where They Will Often Visualize A Deity, (An Enlightened Being Such As The Buddha Or Bodhisattva But Not A God) And It’s Spiritual Qualities. The Meditator Then Pictures Themselves As A Deity Absorbing All Those Spiritual Qualities. This Visualization Helps The Buddha Awaken Their Buddha Nature.

64
Q

How Might Some Buddhists Visualize?

A

Some Buddhists Might Use Thangkas Or Mandalas To Help Them Visualize And Call To Mind A Deity.

65
Q

What Are Stupas Designed For?

A

They Are Designed To Symbolize The 5 Elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air And Space.

66
Q

How Do Mantras Help- What Is The Purpose Of Them?

A

. Mantras Help To Concentrate The Mind And Function As A Form Of Meditation, Some Believe Mantras Have Special Powers.
. They Are Often Associated With The Spiritual Qualities Of A Buddha Or Bodhisattva.

67
Q

What Is Chanting And How Does It Help Buddhists?

A

Chanting Is A Devotional Practice That Is Thought To Increase Receptivity Towards The Buddha And His Teachings.
. It Also Helps To Calm And Focus The Mind To Increase Concentration.

68
Q

Why Are Festivals Important For Buddhists?

A

They Allow Buddhists To Celebrate Important Events In The History Of Buddhism.

69
Q

Why Are Retreats Important For Buddhists?

A

They Provide An Opportunity For Intensive Practice For Buddhists.

70
Q

What May Buddhist Retreats Include And How Can They Help?

A

. Meditations, Talks, Study Groups, Workshops, Rituals.
. A Period Of Time Spent Away From Regular Life To Focus On Buddhist Teachings.
. Held In Monasteries Or Buddhist Centers.
. Aimed To Help People Deepen Their Understanding On Buddhist Practice.

71
Q

What Is The Significance And Meaning Of Wesak?

A

. It Commemorates 3 Major Events In The Buddhas Life: His Birth, Enlightenment, And Passing Away.

72
Q

How Is Wesak Celebrated?

A

. Homes Are Lighten Up With Candles, Lamps Or Lanterns- Indicates Their Pursuit Of Knowledge, And Their Desire To Achieve A Higher Level Of Consciousness.
. Make Offerings To The Buddha.
. Attending Local Temple Or Monasteries To Listen To Sermons About The Buddhas Teachings Or Life.

73
Q

What Is The Significance And Meaning Of Parinirvana Day?

A

. Celebrated During February To Remember The Buddha’s Passing Into Parinirvana, (The Final State Of Nibbana.)
. A Solemn Occasion When Buddhists Reflect On Their Own Future Death , And Remember Friends Or Relatives Who Have Passed Away Recently.
. The Buddhist Teaching Of Impermanence Is A Focus On That Day.

74
Q

How Is Parinirvana Day Celebrated?

A

. Buddhists May Meditate Or Worship At Home With Others In A Temple Or Monastery.
. Buddhists Go On Retreat To Reflect And Meditate, Or Go On Pilgrimage. (Many Buddhists Go And Visit Kushinager In India Which Is Believed To Be The Place Where The Buddha Passed Away.

75
Q

Karma Is…

A

Central To Buddhist Ethics, As It Motivates Buddhists To Behave In A Way That Will Increase Their Own And Others’ Happiness.

76
Q

State The 6 Realms.

A

. Animals.
. Tormented Beings.
. Angry Gods.
. Gods.
Humans.
Hungry Ghosts.

77
Q

Which Realm Do Buddhists Wish To Be Reborn Into And Why?

A

Buddhists Wish To Be Reborn As Human As It’s The Realm/State Where Achieving Enlightenment Is The Easiest.

78
Q

What Is The Difference Between Metta And Karuna?

A

. Metta Is A General Desire For Other People To Be Happy, Whereas As Karuna Arises When Metta Comes Into Contact With A Specific Person Who Is Suffering.

79
Q

What Are The 5 Steps To Loving-Kindness Meditation?

A
  1. Yourself.
  2. A Good Friend.
  3. A ‘Neutral’ Person, (Someone You Come Into Contact With Regularly But Do Not Have Strong Feelings About).
  4. A ‘Difficult’ Person, (Someone You Dislike.)
  5. All Four Of These People, Gradually Followed By Everyone Else In The World.
80
Q

How Does Loving-Kindness Meditation Help Buddhists?

A

It Helps Buddhists Develop An Attitude Of Metta.

81
Q

What Do Theravada And Mahayana Buddhists Aim For?

A

. Theravada Buddhists Aim To Become An Arhat By Following The Eightfold Path.
. Mahayana Buddhists Aims To Become Bodhisattva By Fully Developing The 6 Perfections.

82
Q

What Are The Aims Of Each Of The 6 Attributes That Come With The 6 Perfections?

A

Attribute: Aim:
Generosity- To Be Charitable And Generous In All That Is Done.
Morality- To Live Ethically By Following The 5 Moral Precepts.
Patience- To Practice Being Patient In All Things.
Energy- To Cultivate The Energy And Perseverance Needed To
Keep Going.
Meditation- To Develop Concentration And Awareness.
Wisdom- To Obtain Wisdom And Understanding.

83
Q

How Do Pure Land Buddhists And Theravada Buddhists Differ?

A

. Faith In Amitabha Is The Main Focus And Is Even More Important Than A Person’s Actions And Behavior Whereas In Theravada Buddhism, A Person Can Only Gain Enlightenment Through Their Actions And Behavior.
. Amitabha Will Help People To Be Reborn In The Pure Land Whereas, Theravada Buddhists Can’t Rely On Outside Help To Achieve Enlightenment.

84
Q

Define Arhat.

A

An Arhat Is A, ‘Perfected Person’ Who Has Overcome The Main Sources Of Suffering- The 3 Poisons- To Become Enlightened.

85
Q

Define Dhamma.

A

A Term That Refers To The Truth The Buddha Realized When He Became Enlightened, And The Path Of Training He Recommended.

86
Q

Who Is Saddatha Gotama?

A

The Founder Of Buddhism?

87
Q

What Is Lumbini?

A

The Birth Place Of The Buddha.

88
Q

Define Patticcasamupada.

A

The Idea That All Things Arise In Dependence Upon Conditions.

89
Q

What Are Jataka Tales?

A

Buddhist Holy Scripture. Birth Stories Of The Buddha.

90
Q

Define Dharma/ Dhamma.

A

The Teachings Of The Buddha.

91
Q

Define Dhammapada.

A

Buddhist Holy Scripture, ‘The Path Of Dharma/Righteousness’ Contains 423 Sayings Attributed To The Buddha.

92
Q

State The 3 Jewels.

A

. The Buddha.
. Dharma.
. Sangha.
- 3 Buddhist Ideals To Turn Too In Times Of Need.

93
Q

Define Nibbana/Nirvana.

A

Literally Means, ‘Blown Out’. Freedom From Suffering And Rebirth. It Is The End Of The Rebirth Cycle.

94
Q

Define Mahayana.

A

An Umbrella Term Used To Describe Some Later Buddhist Traditions Such As Zen And Pure Land.

95
Q

Define Dukkha.

A

Suffering/Dissatisfaction.

96
Q

Define Annica.

A

Impermanence. The Idea That Everything Changes.

97
Q

Define Anatta.

A

No Fixed Self Or Soul.

98
Q

Define Sunyata.

A

Emptiness. The Concept That Nothing Has A Fixed Self Or Soul.

99
Q

Define Ascetic.

A

Someone Who Pushes Their Body To The Extreme.

100
Q

How Do Ascetics Live Life?

A

Ascetics Live A Simple And Strict Lifestyle With A Few Pleasures Or Possessions. They Believe Extreme Self-Discipline And Self Denial Can Lead To Spiritual Wisdom.

101
Q

How Does Asceticism Help Buddhists?

A

It Helps Them Try And Overcome Suffering And Live A Life Filled With Peace.

102
Q

Before Following Asceticism For 6 Years How Did The Buddha Practice It?

A

. He Lived In Dangerous And Hostile Forests Which Were Too Hot During The Day And Freezing At Night.
. Sleeping On A Bed Of Thorns.
. Eating So Little That He Looked Like A Skeleton.

103
Q

Why Did The Buddha Stop Following Asceticism?

A

He Became Very Weak And Thin And Couldn’t Meditate Effectively.
. While He Learnt Discipline And Willpower, He Couldn’t Find The Answer To The Problem Of Suffering.

104
Q

State A Few Reasons Why Dhamma Is So Important For Buddhists.

A

. It’s One Of The Three Refuges.
. It Leads Buddhists To Become More Aware, Wiser And More Compassionate.
. It Reduces Suffering.
. It Gives Meaning To Life.
. It Improves A Buddhist’s Relationships With Others And The World.
. It Creates Satisfaction And Happiness.

105
Q

State The 7 States Of Suffering.

A

Physical:
. Birth.
. Old Age.
. Sickness.
. Death.
Mental:
. Separation From Someone You Love.
. Contact With Someone Or Something You Dislike.
. Not Being Able To Achieve Your Desires.

106
Q

What Are The 3 Types Of Suffering, Their Meaning, And An Example?

A

. Ordinary Suffering- Physical And Mental Pain.
. Suffering Because Of Change- Caused By Losing Something Good.
. Suffering Because Of Attachment- Dissatisfaction With Life As A Result Of Craving And Attatchement.

107
Q

What Are The 3 Poisons?

A

. Greed.
. Hatred.
. Ignorance.

108
Q

List The 4 Noble Truths.

A
  1. Dukkha- There Is Suffering.
  2. Samudaya- Suffering Has A Cause.
  3. Nirodha- Suffering Can Come To An End.
  4. Magga- There Is A Means To Bring Suffering To An End.
109
Q

State The 8 Aspects Of The Eightfold Path.

A
  1. Right Understanding.
  2. Right Intention.
  3. Right Speech.
  4. Right Action.
  5. Right Livelihood.
  6. Right Effort.
  7. Right Mindfulness.
  8. Right Concentration.
110
Q

Define Each Of The 8 Aspects Of The Eight Fold Path.

A

Right Speech- Speaking Truthfully, Helpfully, And Kindly. Avoiding Lying And Gossiping About Others.
Right Action- Practicing The 5 Moral Precepts.
Right Livelihood- Earning A Living In A Way That Does Not Harm Others.
Right Effort- Putting Effort Into Developing And Sustaining Skillful Mental States.
Right Mindfulness- Developing Awareness Of Yourself And The World Around You.
Right Concentration- Developing The Concentration And Focus That Is Required To Meditate Effectively.
Right Understanding- Developing A Clear Understanding Of The Buddha’s Teachings, Especially The 4 Noble Truths.
Right Intention- Following The Eightfold Path With The Correct Intention And A Sincere Attitude.

111
Q

Which Sections Of The Threefold Way Apply To Which Aspects Of The Eightfold Path?

A

Ethics, (Sila)-. Right Speech.
. Right Action.
. Right Livelihood.
Meditation,(Samadhi)- . Right Effort.
. Right Mindfulness.
. Right Concentration.
Wisdom,(Panna)- . Right Understanding.
. Right Intention.

112
Q

Define Buddha-Nature.

A

. A Concept In Mahayana Buddhism- The Idea That Everyone Has The Essence Of The Buddha In Them.

113
Q

Define Bodhisattva.

A

Someone Who Sees Their Enlightenment As Being Bound Up With The Enlightenment Of All Beings.

114
Q

What Do Bodhisattvas Choose To Do?

A

. Out Of Compassion, After Achieving Enlightenment, They Choose To Remain In The Cycle Of Samsara To Help Others Achieve Enlightenment Too.

115
Q

What Is The Middle Way/Path And What Does It Contain?

A

Living A Moderate Life Between Luxury And Asceticism, (Balancing The Two) Consists Of The Eight Fold Path And The Three Fold Way.

116
Q

What Are The 4 Sights?

A

. Old Age.
. Illness.
. Death.
. A Holy Man.

117
Q

What Are The 3 Marks Of Existence?

A
  1. Annica.
  2. Anatta.
  3. Dukkha.
118
Q

How Did The Buddha Achieve Enlightenment?

A

After Witnessing The 4 Sights, The Buddha Made It His Life Goal To Achieve Enlightenment. At First He Tried Asceticism And Meditated A Lot But That Just Made Him Weak And Skinny And Led To More Suffering. After 6 Years, He Gave Up On It, And Accepted A Bowl Of Rice From Sujata, (A Glimpse Of Luxury) And Realized That He Had To Live The Middle Way, (Life Between Luxury And Asceticism) He Then Continued To Mediate Too And Eventually Become Enlightened.

119
Q

Define Parinirvana.

A

The Ultimate Form Of Nirvana Where The Death Of Someone With A Physical Body Who Has Achieved Enlightenment Occurs.

120
Q

When Did The Buddha Fall Into Parinirvana?

A

While Lying On A Platform In Meditation Beneath Sacred Trees Near The Banks Of Batsudaiga River.

121
Q

Define Vihara.

A

A Buddhist Monastery Where Monks Or Nuns Live And Worship.

122
Q

What Is A Shrine?

A

An Area With An Image Of The Buddha And Offerings. Found In Temples And Homes.

123
Q

What Is A Stupa?

A

A Tower Or Mould In A Symbolic Shape. It May Contain Holy Items Or Sacred Bones.

124
Q

What Is Rupa?

A

A Statue Of The Buddha.

125
Q

What Is A Mala?

A

A Set Of 108 Beads Used During Chanting.

126
Q

What Is Thangka?

A

A Detailed Painting Of A Buddha Or Bodhisattva.

127
Q

What Is Mandala?

A

An Intricate Circular Pattern Used For Meditation. It Can Be Made With Grains Of Sad.

128
Q

What Are Skillful Actions?

A

Good Actions Based On Compassion, Generosity And Understanding.

129
Q

What Are Unskillful Actions?

A

Bad Actions Based On Greed, Hatred And Ignorance.

130
Q

Why Do Buddhists Worship?

A

Because It’s A Way For Buddhists To Show Gratitude To The Buddha And To Learn From His Life And Teachings. Worship May Lead To Good Karma And Ultimately Enlightenment.

131
Q

Why Is Meditation So Important For Buddhists?

A

Because It Helps Calm And Focus The Mind. Furthermore, It Follows The Example Of The Buddha And It’s Also Part Of The Eight Fold Path.

132
Q

How Did Mara Tempt Siddhartha?

A

. Sending Beautiful Daughters To Seduce Siddhartha.
. Sending Armies To Throw Arrows And Weapons At Him.
. Offering Siddhartha Control Of His Kingdom.
. Questioning Siddhartha’s Role To Sit At The Seat Of Enlightenment.

133
Q

Why Did Mara Tempt Siddhartha?

A

Mara Tried To Stop Siddhartha From Meditating And Achieving Enlightenment As He Demanded To Know What Authority A Mere Human Had To Try And Achieve Enlightenment.

134
Q

Why Do Buddhists Spend Less Money On Death Rituals?

A

. They Believe Money Spent On It Should Be Used For Other More Useful Causes Such As Charity.
. Pure Land Buddhists Believe Death Is Good As They Can Meet Amitabha And Gain Assistance On Achieving Enlightenment.
. Buddhists Believe Death Isn’t The End And Life Carries On After After Being Reborn In Something Else, (E.G A Hungry Ghost) And Death Is Liberation From The Long-Going Cycle Of Samsara.

135
Q

What Are Two Contrasting Ways Buddhists Achieve Enlightenment?

A

Theravada Buddhists Use Meditation For Awakening Not Outside Powers. Supernatural Powers Are Not Disregarded But They Are Incidental And The Buddha Warned They Could Restrain One From Achieving Enlightenment.
. Pure Land Buddhists Achieve It By Dedicating Their Life To Amitabha. Amitabha, The Buddha Of Eternal Life Who Can Help Pure Land Buddhists Achieve Enlightenment Together Once They Arrive In The Pure Land. That Is Why Through The Use Of Chanting, Reading Scriptures They Constantly Worship Him In This Life.

136
Q

How Did Siddhartha Respond To Mara?

A

. He Continued Meditating After Mara Sent Beautiful Daughters.
. The Arrows And Other Weapons Turned To Lotus Flowers Before Reaching Him. He Touched And Called On The Earth To Witness His Right To Sit At The Seat Of Enlightenment. The Earth Shook To Acknowledge His Right.

137
Q

Siddhartha’s Enlightenment Took Place During The 3 Watches Of The Night Which Were…

A

First Watch:
. Siddhartha Gained Knowledge Of All Of His Previous Lives.
Second Watch:
. He Understood The Repetitive Cycle Of Samsara.
. He Understood How Beings Are Reborn According To Their Kamma Or Actions.
He Understood Nothing Had An Unchanging Essence, (Anatta).
Third Watch:
. He Understood Beings Suffer Because Of Desire And Attachment.
. He Understood Suffering Can Be Overcome Through The Path Of Enlightenment.

26* (21 decks)

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