GCSE Biology Unit 1 Flashcards:
Define A Cell.
The Smallest Basic Unit Of Life That Is Responsible For All Of Life’s Processes.
What Is Cytoplasm?
The Site Of Chemical Reactions In A Cell.
Describe Cytoplasm.
A Gel Like Substance Containing Enzymes To Speed Up The Reactions.
What Is The Nucleus?
An Organelle That Contains Genetic Material.
What Is The Role Of The Nucleus?
To Control The Activities Of The Cell And To Code For Proteins.
Cell Membranes Are…
Semi-Permeable.
Define Permeable.
The Passing Of Molecules Through A Biological Membrane Or Barrier.
(Cell Membranes Are Semi-Permeable Meaning Substances Can’t Randomly Cross The Barrier.
What Is The Role Of A Cell Membrane?
To Control Which Substances Move In And Out Of The Cell.
Define Ribosome.
Site Of Protein Synthesis.
What Is The Role Of A Ribosome?
To Translate RNA Into An Amino Acid Chain.
Define Mitochondrion.
Site Of Respiration.
What Happens At The Mitochondrion.
Where The Energy Is Released For The Cell To Function.
Draw And Label A Diagram Of An Animal Cell.
(Search On Google).
Which Five Organs Do Animal Cells Contain?
. Cytoplasm.
. Nucleus.
. Cell Membrane.
. Ribosome.
. Mitochondrion.
Define mRNA.
A Single-Stranded Form Of DNA, (Genetic Material) That Tells Your Body How To Make Proteins.
What Does A Permanent Vacuole Contain?
Cell Sap.
What Is A Cell Sap?
The Liquid Inside The Large Central Vacuole Of A Plant Cell.
What Is The Role Of Of A Permanent Vacuole?
To Keep The Cell Turgid, The Solution Contains Sugars And Salts.
What Are Cell Walls Made Of?
Cellulose.
What Is The Role Of The Cell Wall?
To Support And Strengthen The Cell.
Define Chloroplast.
Site Of Photosynthesis.
What Do Chloroplasts Contain And Do?
. They Contain Chlorophyll.
. They Absorb Light Energy.
Define Cellulose.
A Molecule, Consisting Of Hundreds – And Sometimes Even Thousands – Of Carbon, Hydrogen And Oxygen Atoms.
Define Chlorophyll.
The Green Pigment In Leaves.
What 3 Organs Do Plant Cells Contain?
. The Permanent Vacuole.
. The Chloroplasts.
. The Cell Wall.
Which 5 Organs Do Bacterial Cells Contain?
. The Cell Membrane.
. Bacterial DNA.
. Cell Wall.
. Plasmid.
. Cytoplasm.
Bacterial DNA Is…
Not In Nucleus Floats In The Cytoplasm.
What Is The Role Of Bacterial DNA?
To Control The Functions Of The Cell.
Plasmids Are…
Small Rings Of DNA In Bacterial Cells.
What Do Plasmids Contain?
Additional Genes.
What Is The Difference Between The Cell Wall In A Plant Cell And The Cell Wall In A Bacterial Cell?
The Cell Wall In A Plant Cell Is Made Of Cellulose And The Cell Wall In A Bacterial Cell Isn’t.
What Is The Role Of A Nerve?
To Carry Electrical Signals.
What Is A Nerve?
Long Branched Connections And Insulating Sheath.
What Do Sperms Do?
Fertilise An Egg.
Sperms Are…
Streamlined With A Long Tail Acrosome Containing Enzymes And A Large Number Of Mitochondria.
What Is The Role Of A Prokaryote Cell?
To Contract In Order To Allow Movement.
What Do Muscles In Prokaryotic Cells Contain?
A Large Number Of Mitochondria.
Name 3 Specialized Animal Cells.
. Nerve Cell.
. Sperm Cell.
. Muscle Cell.
Name 3 Specialized Plant Cells.
. Root Hair Cell.
. Xylem Cell.
. Phloem Cell.
What Is The Job Of A Root Hair Cell?
To Absorb Water And Minerals From Soil.
What Do Root Hair Cells Contain?
Long Hair Like Projections To Increase The Surface Area.
What Is The Job Of A Xylem Cell?
To Carry Water And Minerals.
Which Process Occurs In Xylem Cells?
Transpiration- Dead Cells- Cell Walls Toughened By Lignin Flows In One Direction.
What Do Phloem Cells Do?
Carry Glucose.
Which Process Occurs In Phloem Cells?
Translocation- Living Cells- Cells Have End Plates With Holes Flows In Both Directions.
State Centi (CM) Multiple And Standard Form.
Multiple:
1 cm = 0.01 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -2
State Milli (MM) Multiple And Standard Form.
Multiple:
1 mm = 0.001 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -3
State Micro (um) Multiple And Standard Form.
Multiple:
1 um = 0.000 001 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -6
State Nano (NM) Multiple And Standard Form.
Multiple:
0.000 000 001 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -9
Draw A Diagram Of All The Organisms In Specialized Animal Cells.
Draw A Diagram Of All The Organisms In Specialized Plant Cells.
What Is The Radiation Used In Light (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?
Light (Optical) Microscope:
. Light Rays.
Electron Microscope:
. Electron Beams.
What Is The Magnification In A Light, (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?
Light, (Optical) Microscope:
. -1500 Beams.
Electron Microscope:
. - 2 000 000 Times.
What Is The Resolution Of A Light,(Optical) Microscope And Electron Microscope?
Light, (Optical) Microscope:
. 200nm, (Lower).
Electron Microscope:
. 0.2nm, (Higher).
What Is The Size Of A Light, (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?
Light, (Optical ) Microscope:
. Small And Portable.
Electron Microscope:
. Very Large.
. Not Portable.
State The Equation For Magnification?
Image Size/Actual Size.
Define Prokaryotic Cells And Eukaryotic Cells.
Prokaryotes Are Always Unicellular, While Eukaryotes Are Often Multi-Celled Organisms.
Define Unicellular.
A Single-Celled Organism, Only Containing One Cell.
Sate Which Type Of Cell Animal Cells, Plant Cells And Bacterial Cells Are…
Animal Cells + Plant Cells:
Eukaryotic Cells.
Bacterial Cells:
Prokaryotic Cells.
Define Cell Differentiation.
How A Cell Changes And Becomes Specialized Cells; Undifferentiated Cells Are Called Stem Cells.
Define Animal Cell Differentiation.
The Majority Of Differentiation In Animal Cells Happens In The Early Stages Of Life, As The Organism Develops.
Define Plant Cell Differentiation.
All Stages Of A Life Cycle, The Stem Cells Are Grouped Together In Meristems.
Draw And Label The Diagram Of A Light Microscope.
Define Meristems.
Regions Of Unspecialized Cells In Plants That Are Capable Of Cell Division.
Define Transpiration.
The Evaporation And Movement Of Water Away From The Plant’s Leaves From The Inside Of The Plant.
Define Translocation.
The Transport Of Dissolved Material Within A Plant.
Define Red Blood Cell And It’s Role.
Cells Found Inside Of Vertebrates That Transport The Oxygen Required For Aerobic Respiration.
E.g. Erythrocyte.
Define Red Blood Cell, It’s Role And Give An Example.
Cells Found In All Vertebrates, (Including Fish) That Help Fight Off Infections And Diseases.
E.g Lymphocytes.
