GCSE Biology Unit 1 Flashcards:

Question 1

Define A Cell.

Answer 1

The Smallest Basic Unit Of Life That Is Responsible For All Of Life’s Processes.

Question 2

What Is Cytoplasm?

Answer 2

The Site Of Chemical Reactions In A Cell.

Question 3

Describe Cytoplasm.

Answer 3

A Gel Like Substance Containing Enzymes To Speed Up The Reactions.

Question 4

What Is The Nucleus?

Answer 4

An Organelle That Contains Genetic Material.

Question 5

What Is The Role Of The Nucleus?

Answer 5

To Control The Activities Of The Cell And To Code For Proteins.

Question 6

Cell Membranes Are…

Answer 6

Semi-Permeable.

Question 7

Define Permeable.

Answer 7

The Passing Of Molecules Through A Biological Membrane Or Barrier.
(Cell Membranes Are Semi-Permeable Meaning Substances Can’t Randomly Cross The Barrier.

Question 8

What Is The Role Of A Cell Membrane?

Answer 8

To Control Which Substances Move In And Out Of The Cell.

Question 9

Define Ribosome.

Answer 9

Site Of Protein Synthesis.

Question 10

What Is The Role Of A Ribosome?

Answer 10

To Translate RNA Into An Amino Acid Chain.

Question 11

Define Mitochondrion.

Answer 11

Site Of Respiration.

Question 12

What Happens At The Mitochondrion.

Answer 12

Where The Energy Is Released For The Cell To Function.

Question 13

Draw And Label A Diagram Of An Animal Cell.

Answer 13

(Search On Google).

Question 14

Which Five Organs Do Animal Cells Contain?

Answer 14

. Cytoplasm.
. Nucleus.
. Cell Membrane.
. Ribosome.
. Mitochondrion.

Question 15

Define mRNA.

Answer 15

A Single-Stranded Form Of DNA, (Genetic Material) That Tells Your Body How To Make Proteins.

Question 16

What Does A Permanent Vacuole Contain?

Answer 16

Cell Sap.

Question 17

What Is A Cell Sap?

Answer 17

The Liquid Inside The Large Central Vacuole Of A Plant Cell.

Question 18

What Is The Role Of Of A Permanent Vacuole?

Answer 18

To Keep The Cell Turgid, The Solution Contains Sugars And Salts.

Question 19

What Are Cell Walls Made Of?

Answer 19

Cellulose.

Question 20

What Is The Role Of The Cell Wall?

Answer 20

To Support And Strengthen The Cell.

Question 21

Define Chloroplast.

Answer 21

Site Of Photosynthesis.

Question 22

What Do Chloroplasts Contain And Do?

Answer 22

. They Contain Chlorophyll.
. They Absorb Light Energy.

Question 23

Define Cellulose.

Answer 23

A Molecule, Consisting Of Hundreds – And Sometimes Even Thousands – Of Carbon, Hydrogen And Oxygen Atoms.

Question 24

Define Chlorophyll.

Answer 24

The Green Pigment In Leaves.

Question 25

What 3 Organs Do Plant Cells Contain?

Answer 25

. The Permanent Vacuole. . The Chloroplasts. . The Cell Wall.

Question 26

Which 5 Organs Do Bacterial Cells Contain?

Answer 26

. The Cell Membrane. . Bacterial DNA. . Cell Wall. . Plasmid. . Cytoplasm.

Question 27

Bacterial DNA Is...

Answer 27

Not In Nucleus Floats In The Cytoplasm.

Question 28

What Is The Role Of Bacterial DNA?

Answer 28

To Control The Functions Of The Cell.

Question 29

Plasmids Are...

Answer 29

Small Rings Of DNA In Bacterial Cells.

Question 30

What Do Plasmids Contain?

Answer 30

Additional Genes.

Question 31

What Is The Difference Between The Cell Wall In A Plant Cell And The Cell Wall In A Bacterial Cell?

Answer 31

The Cell Wall In A Plant Cell Is Made Of Cellulose And The Cell Wall In A Bacterial Cell Isn't.

Question 32

What Is The Role Of A Nerve?

Answer 32

To Carry Electrical Signals.

Question 33

What Is A Nerve?

Answer 33

Long Branched Connections And Insulating Sheath.

Question 34

What Do Sperms Do?

Answer 34

Fertilise An Egg.

Question 35

Sperms Are...

Answer 35

Streamlined With A Long Tail Acrosome Containing Enzymes And A Large Number Of Mitochondria.

Question 36

What Is The Role Of A Prokaryote Cell?

Answer 36

To Contract In Order To Allow Movement.

Question 37

What Do Muscles In Prokaryotic Cells Contain?

Answer 37

A Large Number Of Mitochondria.

Question 38

Name 3 Specialized Animal Cells.

Answer 38

. Nerve Cell. . Sperm Cell. . Muscle Cell.

Question 39

Name 3 Specialized Plant Cells.

Answer 39

. Root Hair Cell. . Xylem Cell. . Phloem Cell.

Question 40

What Is The Job Of A Root Hair Cell?

Answer 40

To Absorb Water And Minerals From Soil.

Question 41

What Do Root Hair Cells Contain?

Answer 41

Long Hair Like Projections To Increase The Surface Area.

Question 42

What Is The Job Of A Xylem Cell?

Answer 42

To Carry Water And Minerals.

Question 43

Which Process Occurs In Xylem Cells?

Answer 43

Transpiration- Dead Cells- Cell Walls Toughened By Lignin Flows In One Direction.

Question 44

What Do Phloem Cells Do?

Answer 44

Carry Glucose.

Question 45

Which Process Occurs In Phloem Cells?

Answer 45

Translocation- Living Cells- Cells Have End Plates With Holes Flows In Both Directions.

Question 46

State Centi (CM) Multiple And Standard Form.

Answer 46

Multiple: 1 cm = 0.01 m Standard Form: x 10 -2

Question 47

State Milli (MM) Multiple And Standard Form.

Answer 47

Multiple: 1 mm = 0.001 m Standard Form: x 10 -3

Question 48

State Micro (um) Multiple And Standard Form.

Answer 48

Multiple: 1 um = 0.000 001 m Standard Form: x 10 -6

Question 49

State Nano (NM) Multiple And Standard Form.

Answer 49

Multiple: 0.000 000 001 m Standard Form: x 10 -9

Question 50

Draw A Diagram Of All The Organisms In Specialized Animal Cells.

Question 51

Draw A Diagram Of All The Organisms In Specialized Plant Cells.

Question 52

What Is The Radiation Used In Light (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?

Answer 52

Light (Optical) Microscope: . Light Rays. Electron Microscope: . Electron Beams.

Question 53

What Is The Magnification In A Light, (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?

Answer 53

Light, (Optical) Microscope: . -1500 Beams. Electron Microscope: . - 2 000 000 Times.

Question 54

What Is The Resolution Of A Light,(Optical) Microscope And Electron Microscope?

Answer 54

Light, (Optical) Microscope: . 200nm, (Lower). Electron Microscope: . 0.2nm, (Higher).

Question 55

What Is The Size Of A Light, (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?

Answer 55

Light, (Optical ) Microscope: . Small And Portable. Electron Microscope: . Very Large. . Not Portable.

Question 56

State The Equation For Magnification?

Answer 56

Image Size/Actual Size.

Question 57

Define Prokaryotic Cells And Eukaryotic Cells.

Answer 57

Prokaryotes Are Always Unicellular, While Eukaryotes Are Often Multi-Celled Organisms.

Question 58

Define Unicellular.

Answer 58

A Single-Celled Organism, Only Containing One Cell.

Question 59

Sate Which Type Of Cell Animal Cells, Plant Cells And Bacterial Cells Are...

Answer 59

Animal Cells + Plant Cells: Eukaryotic Cells. Bacterial Cells: Prokaryotic Cells.

Question 60

Define Cell Differentiation.

Answer 60

How A Cell Changes And Becomes Specialized Cells; Undifferentiated Cells Are Called Stem Cells.

Question 61

Define Animal Cell Differentiation.

Answer 61

The Majority Of Differentiation In Animal Cells Happens In The Early Stages Of Life, As The Organism Develops.

Question 62

Define Plant Cell Differentiation.

Answer 62

All Stages Of A Life Cycle, The Stem Cells Are Grouped Together In Meristems.

Question 63

Draw And Label The Diagram Of A Light Microscope.

Question 64

Define Meristems.

Answer 64

Regions Of Unspecialized Cells In Plants That Are Capable Of Cell Division.

Question 65

Define Transpiration.

Answer 65

The Evaporation And Movement Of Water Away From The Plant's Leaves From The Inside Of The Plant.

Question 66

Define Translocation.

Answer 66

The Transport Of Dissolved Material Within A Plant.

Question 67

Define Red Blood Cell And It's Role.

Answer 67

Cells Found Inside Of Vertebrates That Transport The Oxygen Required For Aerobic Respiration. E.g. Erythrocyte.

Question 68

Define Red Blood Cell, It's Role And Give An Example.

Answer 68

Cells Found In All Vertebrates, (Including Fish) That Help Fight Off Infections And Diseases. E.g Lymphocytes.