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26* > GCSE Biology Unit 1 Flashcards: > Flashcards

GCSE Biology Unit 1 Flashcards:

1
Q

Define A Cell.

A

The Smallest Basic Unit Of Life That Is Responsible For All Of Life’s Processes.

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2
Q

What Is Cytoplasm?

A

The Site Of Chemical Reactions In A Cell.

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3
Q

Describe Cytoplasm.

A

A Gel Like Substance Containing Enzymes To Speed Up The Reactions.

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4
Q

What Is The Nucleus?

A

An Organelle That Contains Genetic Material.

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5
Q

What Is The Role Of The Nucleus?

A

To Control The Activities Of The Cell And To Code For Proteins.

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6
Q

Cell Membranes Are…

A

Semi-Permeable.

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7
Q

Define Permeable.

A

The Passing Of Molecules Through A Biological Membrane Or Barrier.
(Cell Membranes Are Semi-Permeable Meaning Substances Can’t Randomly Cross The Barrier.

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8
Q

What Is The Role Of A Cell Membrane?

A

To Control Which Substances Move In And Out Of The Cell.

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9
Q

Define Ribosome.

A

Site Of Protein Synthesis.

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10
Q

What Is The Role Of A Ribosome?

A

To Translate RNA Into An Amino Acid Chain.

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11
Q

Define Mitochondrion.

A

Site Of Respiration.

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12
Q

What Happens At The Mitochondrion.

A

Where The Energy Is Released For The Cell To Function.

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13
Q

Draw And Label A Diagram Of An Animal Cell.

A

(Search On Google).

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14
Q

Which Five Organs Do Animal Cells Contain?

A

. Cytoplasm.
. Nucleus.
. Cell Membrane.
. Ribosome.
. Mitochondrion.

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15
Q

Define mRNA.

A

A Single-Stranded Form Of DNA, (Genetic Material) That Tells Your Body How To Make Proteins.

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16
Q

What Does A Permanent Vacuole Contain?

A

Cell Sap.

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17
Q

What Is A Cell Sap?

A

The Liquid Inside The Large Central Vacuole Of A Plant Cell.

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18
Q

What Is The Role Of Of A Permanent Vacuole?

A

To Keep The Cell Turgid, The Solution Contains Sugars And Salts.

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19
Q

What Are Cell Walls Made Of?

A

Cellulose.

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20
Q

What Is The Role Of The Cell Wall?

A

To Support And Strengthen The Cell.

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21
Q

Define Chloroplast.

A

Site Of Photosynthesis.

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22
Q

What Do Chloroplasts Contain And Do?

A

. They Contain Chlorophyll.
. They Absorb Light Energy.

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23
Q

Define Cellulose.

A

A Molecule, Consisting Of Hundreds – And Sometimes Even Thousands – Of Carbon, Hydrogen And Oxygen Atoms.

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24
Q

Define Chlorophyll.

A

The Green Pigment In Leaves.

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25
Q

What 3 Organs Do Plant Cells Contain?

A

. The Permanent Vacuole.
. The Chloroplasts.
. The Cell Wall.

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26
Q

Which 5 Organs Do Bacterial Cells Contain?

A

. The Cell Membrane.
. Bacterial DNA.
. Cell Wall.
. Plasmid.
. Cytoplasm.

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27
Q

Bacterial DNA Is…

A

Not In Nucleus Floats In The Cytoplasm.

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28
Q

What Is The Role Of Bacterial DNA?

A

To Control The Functions Of The Cell.

29
Q

Plasmids Are…

A

Small Rings Of DNA In Bacterial Cells.

30
Q

What Do Plasmids Contain?

A

Additional Genes.

31
Q

What Is The Difference Between The Cell Wall In A Plant Cell And The Cell Wall In A Bacterial Cell?

A

The Cell Wall In A Plant Cell Is Made Of Cellulose And The Cell Wall In A Bacterial Cell Isn’t.

32
Q

What Is The Role Of A Nerve?

A

To Carry Electrical Signals.

33
Q

What Is A Nerve?

A

Long Branched Connections And Insulating Sheath.

34
Q

What Do Sperms Do?

A

Fertilise An Egg.

35
Q

Sperms Are…

A

Streamlined With A Long Tail Acrosome Containing Enzymes And A Large Number Of Mitochondria.

36
Q

What Is The Role Of A Prokaryote Cell?

A

To Contract In Order To Allow Movement.

37
Q

What Do Muscles In Prokaryotic Cells Contain?

A

A Large Number Of Mitochondria.

38
Q

Name 3 Specialized Animal Cells.

A

. Nerve Cell.
. Sperm Cell.
. Muscle Cell.

39
Q

Name 3 Specialized Plant Cells.

A

. Root Hair Cell.
. Xylem Cell.
. Phloem Cell.

40
Q

What Is The Job Of A Root Hair Cell?

A

To Absorb Water And Minerals From Soil.

41
Q

What Do Root Hair Cells Contain?

A

Long Hair Like Projections To Increase The Surface Area.

42
Q

What Is The Job Of A Xylem Cell?

A

To Carry Water And Minerals.

43
Q

Which Process Occurs In Xylem Cells?

A

Transpiration- Dead Cells- Cell Walls Toughened By Lignin Flows In One Direction.

44
Q

What Do Phloem Cells Do?

A

Carry Glucose.

45
Q

Which Process Occurs In Phloem Cells?

A

Translocation- Living Cells- Cells Have End Plates With Holes Flows In Both Directions.

46
Q

State Centi (CM) Multiple And Standard Form.

A

Multiple:
1 cm = 0.01 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -2

47
Q

State Milli (MM) Multiple And Standard Form.

A

Multiple:
1 mm = 0.001 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -3

48
Q

State Micro (um) Multiple And Standard Form.

A

Multiple:
1 um = 0.000 001 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -6

49
Q

State Nano (NM) Multiple And Standard Form.

A

Multiple:
0.000 000 001 m
Standard Form:
x 10 -9

50
Q

Draw A Diagram Of All The Organisms In Specialized Animal Cells.

A
51
Q

Draw A Diagram Of All The Organisms In Specialized Plant Cells.

A
52
Q

What Is The Radiation Used In Light (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?

A

Light (Optical) Microscope:
. Light Rays.
Electron Microscope:
. Electron Beams.

53
Q

What Is The Magnification In A Light, (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?

A

Light, (Optical) Microscope:
. -1500 Beams.
Electron Microscope:
. - 2 000 000 Times.

54
Q

What Is The Resolution Of A Light,(Optical) Microscope And Electron Microscope?

A

Light, (Optical) Microscope:
. 200nm, (Lower).
Electron Microscope:
. 0.2nm, (Higher).

55
Q

What Is The Size Of A Light, (Optical) Microscope And An Electron Microscope?

A

Light, (Optical ) Microscope:
. Small And Portable.
Electron Microscope:
. Very Large.
. Not Portable.

56
Q

State The Equation For Magnification?

A

Image Size/Actual Size.

57
Q

Define Prokaryotic Cells And Eukaryotic Cells.

A

Prokaryotes Are Always Unicellular, While Eukaryotes Are Often Multi-Celled Organisms.

58
Q

Define Unicellular.

A

A Single-Celled Organism, Only Containing One Cell.

59
Q

Sate Which Type Of Cell Animal Cells, Plant Cells And Bacterial Cells Are…

A

Animal Cells + Plant Cells:
Eukaryotic Cells.
Bacterial Cells:
Prokaryotic Cells.

60
Q

Define Cell Differentiation.

A

How A Cell Changes And Becomes Specialized Cells; Undifferentiated Cells Are Called Stem Cells.

61
Q

Define Animal Cell Differentiation.

A

The Majority Of Differentiation In Animal Cells Happens In The Early Stages Of Life, As The Organism Develops.

62
Q

Define Plant Cell Differentiation.

A

All Stages Of A Life Cycle, The Stem Cells Are Grouped Together In Meristems.

63
Q

Draw And Label The Diagram Of A Light Microscope.

A
64
Q

Define Meristems.

A

Regions Of Unspecialized Cells In Plants That Are Capable Of Cell Division.

65
Q

Define Transpiration.

A

The Evaporation And Movement Of Water Away From The Plant’s Leaves From The Inside Of The Plant.

66
Q

Define Translocation.

A

The Transport Of Dissolved Material Within A Plant.

67
Q

Define Red Blood Cell And It’s Role.

A

Cells Found Inside Of Vertebrates That Transport The Oxygen Required For Aerobic Respiration.
E.g. Erythrocyte.

68
Q

Define Red Blood Cell, It’s Role And Give An Example.

A

Cells Found In All Vertebrates, (Including Fish) That Help Fight Off Infections And Diseases.
E.g Lymphocytes.

26* (21 decks)

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