GCSE Biology Unit 9 + 10 Flashcards:
Define Cell.
The Smallest Structural And Functional Unit Of An Organism.
Define Nucleus.
A Structure That Contains Genetic Material And Controls The Activities Of The Cell.
Define Chromosome.
A Thread Like Structure Of Coiled DNA Found In The Nucleus Of Eukaryotic Cells.
Define DNA.
A Polymer Made Up Of Two Strand Forming A Double Helix.
Define Gene.
A Section Of DNA That Codes For A Specific Protein Or Characteristic.
What Is The First Stage Of The Cell Cycle?
Growth- Increase The Number Of Sub-Cellular Structures E.g. Ribosomes And Mitochondria.
What Is The Second Stage Of The Cell Cycle?
DNA Synthesis- DNA Replicates To Form Two Copies Of Each Chromosome.
What Is The Third Stage Of The Cell Cycle?
Mitosis- One Set Of Chromosomes Is Pulled To Each End Of The Cell And The Nucleus Divides.
. Then The Cytoplasm And Cell Membranes Divide To Form Two Cells That Are Identical To The Parent Cell.
Draw And Label The Cell Cycle Diagram.
When Does Mitosis Occur?
During Growth, Repair And Replacement Of Cells.
When Does Asexual Reproduction Occur?
By Mitosis In Both Plants And Simple Animals.
How Is The Small Intestine Adapt For Diffusion?
Small Intestines Contain Villi- Increase Surface Area, Good Blood Supply-To Maintain Concentration Gradient, Thin Membranes-Short Diffusion Distance.
How Are The Lungs Adapted For Diffusion?
Lungs Contain Alveoli- Increase Surface Area, Good Blood Supply- To Maintain Concentration Gradient, Thin Membranes- Short Diffusion Distance.
How Are Fish Gills Adapted For Diffusion?
Gills In Fish Contain Gill Filaments And Lamella- Increase Surface Area, Good Blood Supply- To Maintain Concentration Gradient, Thin Membranes- Short Diffusion Distance.
How Are Roots Adapted Diffusion?
They Contain Root Hair Cells- Increase Surface Area.
How Are Leaves Adapted For Diffusion?
Large Surface Area, Thin Leaves For Short Diffusion Path, Stomata On The Lower Surface To Let O2 And CO2 In And Out.
The Greater The Difference In Concentration…
The Faster The Rate Of Diffusion.
Define Diffusion.
Movement Of Particles In A Solution Or Gas From A Region Of High Concentration To A Region Of Low Concentration.
Define Osmosis.
Movement Of Water From A Dilute Solution To A More Concentrated Solution.
Define Active Transport.
Movement Of Particles From A Dilute Solution To A More Concentrated Solution.
Sate An Example Of Diffusion.
o2 And Co2 In Gas Exchange, Urea In Kidneys.
. Factors That Affect The Rate Are, Concentration, Temperature And Surface Area.
State An Example Of Osmosis.
Plants Absorb Water From The Soil Through The Process Of Osmosis Through Their Root Hair Cells. Plants Use Water For Several Vital Processes Such As Photosynthesis And The Transport Of Minerals.
State An Example Of Active Transport.
Movement Of Mineral Ions Into Roots Of Plants And The Movement Of Glucose Into The Small Intestines.
Define Cell Division.
Cells Divided To Produce Two New Cells Which Are Exact Copies Of The Original Cell And Can Differentiate To Form Many Other Different Types Of Cells.
