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Chemistry Revision 🧪 > gcse revision > Flashcards

gcse revision Flashcards

1
Q

what is an isotope?

A

An isotope is an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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2
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond is the attraction between one pair of electrons and the nuclei of each atom.

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3
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

Metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged metal ions and the positively charged delocalised electrons.

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4
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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5
Q

what’s an ion?

A

an ion is an atom which has lost or gained electrons. loss is positive, gain is negative.

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6
Q

what is a subatomic particle?

A

a particle smaller then an atom, protons neutrons and electrons

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7
Q

what’s the link between the group number and the number of electrons on the outer shell?

A

The group number and the number of electrons on the outer shell are the same.

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8
Q

What is the mass number and how do you work it out?

A

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. to work out the mass number take the atomic number away from the mass number

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9
Q

atomic number

A

the atomic number is the same as the amount of protons and electrons

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10
Q

what is the iconic formula for aluminium chloride?

A

AlCl3 because aluminium has a 3+ charge and chlorine has a 1- charge. switch the numbers around

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11
Q

what is the rhyme to remember the reactivity series?

A

Please Send Lions Cats Monkeys And Zebras Into Lovely Hot Countries, Sincerely General Penguin

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12
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum

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13
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

a CHEMICAL COMPOUND containing HYDROGEN and CARBON only

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14
Q

What is the molecular formula of methane?

A

CH4 - 4 hydrogen atoms and 1 carbon atom

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15
Q

What’s an isomer?

A

a COMPOUND with the SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA but a DIFFERENT DISPLAYED FORMULA

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16
Q

How many hydrogen and carbon atoms does butane have?

A

C4H10 - 4 carbon atoms 10 hydrogen atoms

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17
Q

why do we break down crude oil?

A

Because on its own it isn’t useful so you break it down into different more useful fractions using fractional distillation

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18
Q

what are some properties of long chained hydrocarbons?

A 
high viscosity (hard to be poured)
high melting and boiling point 
low flammability 
dark in colour 
low volatility (doesn’t turn into gas easily)
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19
Q

what are some properties of short chained hydrocarbons?

A 
low viscosity (can be poured easily) 
low melting and boiling points 
high flammability 
high volatility (turns into a gas easily) 
light/colourless
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20
Q

what is crude oil?

A

a type of FOSSIL FUEL

made of lots of DIFFERENT HYDROCARBONS

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21
Q

what is the general formula of an alkane?

22
Q

what is the general formula of alkenes?

23
Q

what does complete combustion produce?

A

complete combustion produces CAEBON DIOXIDE and WATER

24
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce?

A

Incomplete combustion produced CARBON MONOXIDE and WATER or CARBON and WATER

25
Q

What does viscous mean?

A

To have a thick or sticky consistency, hard to pour

26
Q

whats a polymer?

A

polymers are large molecules nade up of small repeating units (monomers)

27
Q

What if the general formula for alcohol?

A

CnH2n+1+OH

28
Q

What is the homologous series?

A

A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula.

29
Q

How do you test for ammonia gas?

A

turns damp litmus paper red to blue

30
Q

What is the test for copper || ?(flame test)

A

Turns flame blue green

31
Q

What is the test for copper ||?

A

Add sodium hydroxide and it makes a blue precipitate

32
Q

What is the test for lithium ions? Flame

A

Turns flame red

33
Q

What is the test for sodium? Flame

A

Turns the flame yellow

34
Q

What’s the test for potassium ions? flame

A

Turns the flame lilac

35
Q

what is the test for calcium ions? flame

A

the flame goes orange red

36
Q

what is the test for iron ||| ions?

A

sodium hydroxide brown precipitate

37
Q

what is the test for iron|| irons?

A

sodium hydroxide, goes moss green

38
Q

What’s the test for ammonium ions?

A

sodium hydroxide, ammonia gas produced, test gas with red litmus paper, turns blue

39
Q

How do you test for carbonates?

A

Add hydrochloric acid, fizzes, test the gas with lime water to prove its carbon dioxide

40
Q

How do you test for sulfates?

A

Add dilute hydrochloric acid, add barium chloride solution, white precipitate produced

41
Q

How do you test for chlorides?

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution and a white precipitate is formed

42
Q

How do you test for bromide?

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution and a cream precipitate is formed

43
Q

How do you test for iodides?

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution and a yellow precipitate is formed

44
Q

How do you test for chlorine gas?

A

it bleaches damp litmus paper

45
Q

what is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that releases thermal energy to the surroundings (hot)

46
Q

what is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that takes in thermal energy from the surroundings (cold)

47
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy the reactant particles require in order to collide with each other and react

48
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

49
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

50
Q

What hydrocarbons have double bonds?

A

Alkenes (unsaturated)

Chemistry Revision 🧪 (7 decks)

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