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GCSE PE 2019 > GCSE PE - Skeletal System > Flashcards

GCSE PE - Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 5 different types bone

A 
Flat bones 
Long bones
Irregular bones
Short bones
Sesamoid bones
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2
Q

Where in the body can you find flat bones?

A

Sternum, ribs, cranium, pelvis

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3
Q

What is the role of flat bones?

A

They protect internal organs and act as suitable sites for muscular attachment

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4
Q

Give examples of long bones

A

Femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges

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5
Q

What is the role of long bones?

A

They act as levers for movement and sites for blood cell production

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6
Q

Give an example of an irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

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7
Q

Give an example of a short bone

A

Carpals and tarsals

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8
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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9
Q

What role do sesamoid bones have?

A

They ease joint movement and resist compression

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10
Q

Which bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

Cranium, Sternum, rib cage, vertebral column

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11
Q

Define the term ‘joint’

A

Where two or more bones meet

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12
Q

What is a ligament?

A

A tough band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

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13
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating. Ones to absorb shock and allow friction-free movement

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14
Q

What is the role of ligaments?

A

Connect bone to bone
Stabilise joints during movement
prevent dislocation of a joint

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15
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid?

A

Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

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16
Q

What is the role of articular cartilage?

A

Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement

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17
Q

What is the joint capsule?

A

A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

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18
Q

What is the function of the joint capsule?

A

It encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid

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19
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons run over bones

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20
Q

What is the function of a bursa?

A

It reduces friction between tendons and bones

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21
Q

Name the 5 types of synovial joint

A 
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Ball and socket joint
Gliding joint
Condyloid joint
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22
Q

Where can you find a hinge joint?

A

Elbow, knee and ankle

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23
Q

Where can you find a pivot joint?

A

Between the axis and atlas at the top of the vertebrae

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24
Q

Where can you find a ball and socket joint?

A

The hip and shoulder

25
Q

What is flexion?

A

Movement which decreases the joint angle

26
Q

What is extension?

A

Movement which increases the joint angle

27
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

Pointing the toes

28
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body

29
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body

30
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Bringing the toes upwards closer to the tibia

31
Q

What is rotation?

A

Movement where articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis

32
Q

Which bones articulate the knee joint?

A

femur and tibia

33
Q

Which bones articulate the ankle joint?

A

tibia, fibula and talus

34
Q

Which bones articulate the shoulder joint?

A

scapula and humerus

35
Q

Which bones articulate the elbow joint?

A

humerus, radius, ulna

36
Q

Which bones articulate the hip joint?

A

Pelvis and Femur

37
Q

What is the correct term for the skull?

A

cranium

38
Q

What is the correct term for the spine?

A

vertebrae

39
Q

What is the correct term for the collar bone?

A

clavicle

40
Q

What is the correct term for the breast bone?

A

sternum

41
Q

What is the correct term for the shoulder blade?

A

scapula

42
Q

What is the correct term for the knee cap?

A

patella

43
Q

Which bone can be found in the upper arm?

A

humerus

44
Q

Which bones can be found in the forearm?

A

radius and ulna

45
Q

Which bones can be found in the wrist?

A

carpals

46
Q

Which bones can be found in the hands?

A

metacarpals

47
Q

Which bones can be found in the ends of the fingers?

A

phalanges

48
Q

Which bone is found in the thigh?

A

femur

49
Q

Which bones can be found in the lower leg?

A

tibia and fibula

50
Q

Which bones are found in the ankle?

A

tarsals

51
Q

Which bones are found in the feet?

A

metatarsals

52
Q

Which bones are found in the ends of the toes?

A

phalanges

53
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A 
shape and support
protection
movement
blood production
mineral storage
54
Q

Which type of bones is blood produced in?

A

red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of long bones

55
Q

Which bone protects the brain?

A

cranium

56
Q

Which bones protect the heart and lungs?

A

Ribs

57
Q

Which bones protect the spinal cord?

A

vertebrae

58
Q

What is the role of a tendon?

A

connect muscle to bone

59
Q

What is the role of a ligament?

A

connect bone to bone and stabilise the joint to prevent it from dislocating

GCSE PE 2019 (6 decks)

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