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GCSE PE 2019 > GCSE PE - Muscular System > Flashcards

GCSE PE - Muscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to bone

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2
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

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3
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A muscle that opposes the agonist providing resistance for coordinated movement

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4
Q

What is a fixator

A

A muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another moves

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5
Q

What term is used to describe a pair of muscles that work together?

A

Antagonistic pair

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6
Q

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

A

A muscle contraction where the muscle changes length during its contraction

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7
Q

Name the two types of isotonic muscle contraction

A

Concentric

Eccentric

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8
Q

What is a concentric muscle contraction?

A

When a muscle shortens producing tension

This produces the force to pull two bones closer together causing joint movement

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9
Q

What is an eccentric muscle contraction?

A

When a muscle lengthens producing tension

This resists forces such as gravity to control joint movement

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10
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

When a muscle contracts but does not change length

Posture is maintained by muscles isometrically contracting

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11
Q

What does DOMS stand for?

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

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12
Q

What is DOMS?

A

Pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise, associates with eccentric muscle contractions

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13
Q

Where can you find the tibialis anterior

What movement does it produce?

A

In the front of the shin

It dorsiflexes your foot

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14
Q

Where can you find the gastrocnemius?

What movement does it produce?

A

In the back of the lower leg (calf)

It plantarflexes the foot

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15
Q

What movements do the hamstrings produce?

A

Flexion of the knee

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16
Q

What movements do the quadriceps produce?

A

Extension of the knee

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17
Q

Where can you find the gluteus maximus?

A

In the bum

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18
Q

What movement does the gluteus maximum produce?

A

Extension of the hip

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19
Q

Where can you find the adductor muscles?

A

On the inside of the upper leg

From the pelvis to the femur

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20
Q

What movement do the adductor muscles produce?

A

Adduction of the hip

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21
Q

Where can you find the deltoid muscle?

A

In the shoulder?

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22
Q

What movement does the deltoid produce?

A

Abduction of the shoulder

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23
Q

Where is the latissimus dorsi?

A

Side of the back

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24
Q

What movement does the latissimus dorsi produce?

A

Adduction of the arm

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25
Q

Where can you find the pectoral muscles?

A

In the chest

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26
Q

Which muscle dorsiflexes the ankle?

A

Tibialis anterior

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27
Q

Which muscle plantarflexes the ankle?

A

Gastrocnemius

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28
Q

Which muscles flex the knee?

A

Hamstrings

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29
Q

Which muscles extend the knee?

A

Quadriceps

30
Q

Which muscle extends the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

31
Q

Which muscle abducts the shoulder

A

Deltoid

32
Q

Which muscle adducts the arm?

A

Latissimus dorsi

33
Q

What movement does the biceps produce?

A

Flexion of the elbow

34
Q

What movement does the triceps produce?

A

Extension of the elbow

35
Q

Which muscle flexes the elbow?

A

Biceps

36
Q

Which muscle extends the elbow?

A

Triceps

37
Q

Name 1 core muscles that is particularly important to stabilise the spine

A

Abdominals

38
Q

Which muscle flexes the trunk?

A

Abdominals

39
Q

Give 2 examples of muscles that work together to create antagonistic pairs

A

biceps and triceps

quadriceps and hamstrings

40
Q

Which muscle extends the knee?

A

quadriceps

41
Q

Which muscle flexes the knee

A

hamstrings

42
Q

Which muscle extends the elbow

A

triceps

43
Q

Which muscle flexes the elbow

A

biceps

44
Q

When performing the upwards phase of a bicep curl, which muscle is the agonist?

A

biceps

45
Q

When performing the downwards phase of a bicep curl, which muscle is the antagonist?

A

tricep

46
Q

When extending your knee to kick a ball, which muscle is the agonist?

A

quadricep

47
Q

When extending your knee to kick a ball, which muscle is the antagonist?

A

hamstrings

48
Q

When straightening your elbow to throw a javelin, which muscle is the agonist?

A

triceps

49
Q

When straightening your elbow to throw a javelin, which muscle is the antagonist?

A

biceps

50
Q

When flexing your knee to perform a squat, which muscle is the agonist?

A

hamstrings

51
Q

When flexing your knee to perform a squat, which muscle is the antagonist?

A

quadriceps

52
Q

What is the correct term for bending?

A

flexion

53
Q

What is the correct term for straightening?

A

extension

54
Q

What term means that you shorten the angle at a joint?

A

flexion

55
Q

Which term means that you increase the angle at a joint?

A

extension

56
Q

Which term means that you take a limb away from the midline of a body?

A

abduction

57
Q

Which term means that you bring a limb towards the midline of the body?

A

adduction

58
Q

Which muscle can be found in your upper back and neck?

A

trapezius

59
Q

Which muscle is found in your shoulders?

A

deltoids

60
Q

Which muscle is found at the front of your upper arm?

A

biceps

61
Q

Which muscle is found at the back of your upper arm?

A

triceps

62
Q

Which muscle is found in the sides of your lower back?

A

latissimus dorsi

63
Q

Which muscle is found in your stomach?

A

abdominals

64
Q

Which muscle is found in your bottom?

A

gluteals / gluteus maximus

65
Q

Which muscle is found in the front of your thigh?

A

quadriceps

66
Q

Which muscle is found in the back of your thigh?

A

hamstrings

67
Q

Which muscle is found in your calf?

A

gastrocnemius

68
Q

Which muscles are found in your chest?

A

pectorals

69
Q

What builds up in your muscles during high intensity exercise that can cause muscle fatigue?

A

lactic acid

70
Q

What term is used to describe how muscles get bigger and stronger after weeks of training?

A

hypertrophy

71
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise on your muscles?

A

they fatigue (get tired), they ache, lactic acid builds up

72
Q

What are the long term effects of exercise no your muscles?

A

they get bigger and stronger (hypertrophy)

GCSE PE 2019 (6 decks)

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