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GCSE PE 2019 > GCSE PE - Respiratory System > Flashcards

GCSE PE - Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is gaseous exchange?

A

external respiration - the movement of oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide into the lungs
internal respiration - the release of oxygen to respiring cells for energy production and collection of waste products

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2
Q

what are alveoli?

A

clusters of tiny air sacs covered in a dense network of capillaries which together sere as the site for gaseous exchange

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3
Q

Describe the path of air through the respiratory system

A

air is drawn into the nasal cavity through the nose and travels down the pharynx, larynx and trachea. this divides into left and right bronchi as they enter the lung cavity. These subdivide into smaller bronchioles and end in alveolar ducts with a large surface area for gaseous exchange

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4
Q

Define breathing rate

A

the number of breaths per minute

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5
Q

Define tidal volume

A

the volume of air inspired or expired per breath

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6
Q

Define minute ventilation

A

the volume of air inspired or expired per minute

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7
Q

how do you calculate minute ventilation?

A

VE = TV x f

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8
Q

What is the average resting breathing rate?

A

12-15 breaths per minute

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9
Q

What is the average resting tidal volume?

A

500ml

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10
Q

What is the correct term for the nose?

A

Nasal cavity

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10
Q

What is the correct term for the mouth?

A

Oral cavity

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10
Q

What is the correct term for the windpipe

A

Trachea

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10
Q

What is the correct term for the voice box

A

Larynx

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10
Q

What is the name of the tubes that branch off the trachea and go into each lung?

A

Bronchi

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11
Q

What are smaller tubes coming off the bronchi called?

A

Bronchioles

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12
Q

What term is given to the small sacs at the end of the bronchioles?

A

Alveoli

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13
Q

What is the correct order that air flows through the respiratory system?

A 
Into the body through the Nasal and oral cavity 
Down the trachea
Through the bronchi
Then the bronchioles
Into the alveoli
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14
Q

In what part of the respiratory system does gaseous exchange occur?

A

Alveoli

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15
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

To get oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out

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16
Q

Which 2 gases are involved in gaseous exchange?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

17
Q

What is gaseous exchange?

A

The transfer of oxygen from the lungs into the blood, and movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs

18
Q

Define the term ‘breathing rate’

A

The number of times you breathe in a minute

19
Q

Define the term tidal volume

A

The amount of air you breathe in or out in a normal breath

20
Q

Define the term

Minute ventilation

A

The volume of air you breathe in or out in a minute

21
Q

What happens to your breathing rate during exercise?

A

It increases / gets faster

22
Q

What happens to your minute ventilation during exercise

A

It increases

23
Q

What does the term ‘aerobic’ mean?

A

Exercising with oxygen

24
Q

What does the term ‘anaerobic’ mean?

A

Exercising without oxygen

25
Q

Which term means ‘exercising without oxygen’?

A

Anaerobic

26
Q

Which term means ‘exercising with oxygen’?

A

Aerobic

27
Q

What builds up during anaerobic respiration that can cause muscle fatigue?

A

Lactic acidosis

28
Q

What type of exercise would lead to a build up of lactic acid?

A 
Anaerobic exercise
(High intensity for short periods of time) e.g. jumping, sprinting)
29
Q

How do your lungs adapt to regular training?

A

They get bigger

30
Q

Give another word for inspiration

A

Inhalation

Breathing in

31
Q

Give another word for breathing out

A

Expiration

Exhalation

32
Q

Describe the process of inspiration

A

Your intercostal muscles contract
Moving your ribs up and out
Your diaphragm contracts and flattens
Creating more space inside your pleural cavity, which creates a lower pressure, so air can flow into your lungs

33
Q

What happens during expiration?

A

The intercostal muscles relax
Moving the ribs down and in
The diaphragm relaxes and goes back up
This decreases the area inside the pleural cavity, increasing the pressure, forcing air out of the lungs

34
Q

What happens to your intercostal muscles during inspiration?

A

The contract

35
Q

What happens to your intercostal muscles during expiration

A

They relax

36
Q

What happens to your ribs during inspiration?

A

They move up and out

37
Q

What happens to your ribs during expiration?

A

They move down and in

38
Q

What happens to your diaphragm during inspiration?

A

It contracts and flattens

39
Q

What happens to your diaphragm during expiration?

A

It relaxes and goes back up

40
Q

What happens to the pressure in your lungs during inspiration?

A

It decreases so air can rush in

41
Q

What happens to the pressure in your lungs during expiration

A

It increases so air is forced out

42
Q

Is running a marathon an aerobic or anaerobic exercise?

A

Aerobic

43
Q

Is a 100m sprint and aerobic or anaerobic exercise?

A

Anaerobic

44
Q

Is jumping for a rebound in basketball an aerobic or anaerobic exercise?

A

Anaerobic

GCSE PE 2019 (6 decks)

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