GCSE PE - Muscular System

Question 1

What is a tendon?

Answer 1

A fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to bone

Question 2

What is an agonist?

Answer 2

A muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

Question 3

What is an antagonist?

Answer 3

A muscle that opposes the agonist providing resistance for coordinated movement

Question 4

What is a fixator

Answer 4

A muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another moves

Question 5

What term is used to describe a pair of muscles that work together?

Answer 5

Antagonistic pair

Question 6

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

Answer 6

A muscle contraction where the muscle changes length during its contraction

Question 7

Name the two types of isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 7

Concentric

Eccentric

Question 8

What is a concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 8

When a muscle shortens producing tension

This produces the force to pull two bones closer together causing joint movement

Question 9

What is an eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 9

When a muscle lengthens producing tension

This resists forces such as gravity to control joint movement

Question 10

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 10

When a muscle contracts but does not change length

Posture is maintained by muscles isometrically contracting

Question 11

What does DOMS stand for?

Answer 11

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Question 12

What is DOMS?

Answer 12

Pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise, associates with eccentric muscle contractions

Question 13

Where can you find the tibialis anterior

What movement does it produce?

Answer 13

In the front of the shin

It dorsiflexes your foot

Question 14

Where can you find the gastrocnemius?

What movement does it produce?

Answer 14

In the back of the lower leg (calf)

It plantarflexes the foot

Question 15

What movements do the hamstrings produce?

Answer 15

Flexion of the knee

Question 16

What movements do the quadriceps produce?

Answer 16

Extension of the knee

Question 17

Where can you find the gluteus maximus?

Answer 17

In the bum

Question 18

What movement does the gluteus maximum produce?

Answer 18

Extension of the hip

Question 19

Where can you find the adductor muscles?

Answer 19

On the inside of the upper leg

From the pelvis to the femur

Question 20

What movement do the adductor muscles produce?

Answer 20

Adduction of the hip

Question 21

Where can you find the deltoid muscle?

Answer 21

In the shoulder?

Question 22

What movement does the deltoid produce?

Answer 22

Abduction of the shoulder

Question 23

Where is the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 23

Side of the back

Question 24

What movement does the latissimus dorsi produce?

Answer 24

Adduction of the arm

Question 25

Where can you find the pectoral muscles?

Answer 25

In the chest

Question 26

Which muscle dorsiflexes the ankle?

Answer 26

Tibialis anterior

Question 27

Which muscle plantarflexes the ankle?

Answer 27

Gastrocnemius

Question 28

Which muscles flex the knee?

Answer 28

Hamstrings

Question 29

Which muscles extend the knee?

Answer 29

Quadriceps

Question 30

Which muscle extends the hip?

Answer 30

Gluteus maximus

Question 31

Which muscle abducts the shoulder

Answer 31

Deltoid

Question 32

Which muscle adducts the arm?

Answer 32

Latissimus dorsi

Question 33

What movement does the biceps produce?

Answer 33

Flexion of the elbow

Question 34

What movement does the triceps produce?

Answer 34

Extension of the elbow

Question 35

Which muscle flexes the elbow?

Answer 35

Biceps

Question 36

Which muscle extends the elbow?

Answer 36

Triceps

Question 37

Name 1 core muscles that is particularly important to stabilise the spine

Answer 37

Abdominals

Question 38

Which muscle flexes the trunk?

Answer 38

Abdominals

Question 39

Give 2 examples of muscles that work together to create antagonistic pairs

Answer 39

biceps and triceps | quadriceps and hamstrings

Question 40

Which muscle extends the knee?

Answer 40

quadriceps

Question 41

Which muscle flexes the knee

Answer 41

hamstrings

Question 42

Which muscle extends the elbow

Answer 42

triceps

Question 43

Which muscle flexes the elbow

Answer 43

biceps

Question 44

When performing the upwards phase of a bicep curl, which muscle is the agonist?

Answer 44

biceps

Question 45

When performing the downwards phase of a bicep curl, which muscle is the antagonist?

Answer 45

tricep

Question 46

When extending your knee to kick a ball, which muscle is the agonist?

Answer 46

quadricep

Question 47

When extending your knee to kick a ball, which muscle is the antagonist?

Answer 47

hamstrings

Question 48

When straightening your elbow to throw a javelin, which muscle is the agonist?

Answer 48

triceps

Question 49

When straightening your elbow to throw a javelin, which muscle is the antagonist?

Answer 49

biceps

Question 50

When flexing your knee to perform a squat, which muscle is the agonist?

Answer 50

hamstrings

Question 51

When flexing your knee to perform a squat, which muscle is the antagonist?

Answer 51

quadriceps

Question 52

What is the correct term for bending?

Answer 52

flexion

Question 53

What is the correct term for straightening?

Answer 53

extension

Question 54

What term means that you shorten the angle at a joint?

Answer 54

flexion

Question 55

Which term means that you increase the angle at a joint?

Answer 55

extension

Question 56

Which term means that you take a limb away from the midline of a body?

Answer 56

abduction

Question 57

Which term means that you bring a limb towards the midline of the body?

Answer 57

adduction

Question 58

Which muscle can be found in your upper back and neck?

Answer 58

trapezius

Question 59

Which muscle is found in your shoulders?

Answer 59

deltoids

Question 60

Which muscle is found at the front of your upper arm?

Answer 60

biceps

Question 61

Which muscle is found at the back of your upper arm?

Answer 61

triceps

Question 62

Which muscle is found in the sides of your lower back?

Answer 62

latissimus dorsi

Question 63

Which muscle is found in your stomach?

Answer 63

abdominals

Question 64

Which muscle is found in your bottom?

Answer 64

gluteals / gluteus maximus

Question 65

Which muscle is found in the front of your thigh?

Answer 65

quadriceps

Question 66

Which muscle is found in the back of your thigh?

Answer 66

hamstrings

Question 67

Which muscle is found in your calf?

Answer 67

gastrocnemius

Question 68

Which muscles are found in your chest?

Answer 68

pectorals

Question 69

What builds up in your muscles during high intensity exercise that can cause muscle fatigue?

Answer 69

lactic acid

Question 70

What term is used to describe how muscles get bigger and stronger after weeks of training?

Answer 70

hypertrophy

Question 71

What are the short term effects of exercise on your muscles?

Answer 71

they fatigue (get tired), they ache, lactic acid builds up

Question 72

What are the long term effects of exercise no your muscles?

Answer 72

they get bigger and stronger (hypertrophy)